A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used

A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used The starting advancement of memory aide begins with an artist named Simonides of Ceos in fifth century B.C. This mental aide designed by the Greeks for memory preparing around 2500 years prior. The Greek verse artist Simonides, conceived in 556 B.C., is ascribed with creating memory helpers. His creation have extraordinary advantage thought us, numerous individuals achievement is on the grounds that utilizing this mental aide technique. There do numerous sorts of memory aides gadget exist and which type works best is restricted uniquely by the creative mind of every individual student. Here are the 9 essential sorts of mental aides gadget introduced in this paper incorporate Music, Name, Expression/Word, Model, Ode/Rhyme, Note Organization, Image, Connection, and Spelling Mnemonics. Mental aides are memory gadgets that assist students with recollecting bigger parts of data, particularly as records like qualities, steps, stages, parts, stages, and so on. Mental aides gadget attempt to change data into a structure that the human cerebrum can recall superior to its unique structure. In spite of the fact that the way toward applying this change may as of now help the exchange of data to long haul memory however this is still advantage to student. The memory aide generally training for records and in auditoryâ form, for example, short poems,â acronyms, or noteworthy expressions, yet mental helpers can likewise be for different sorts of data and in visual or sensation structures. This gadget use depends on the assessment that the human mind all the more effectively recollects many type of data. In our day by day, we need to recall everything. In school, we need to recall all the information about subject; in work environment, we need to recollect all the data about our errand, so as to recollect this whole thing we need to discover what strategy can upgrade our memory. In my model, I am scarcely to spell â€Å"mnemonic†, so I utilize the idea of memory helpe r and make my assertion, which is â€Å"Mnemonic Notes Effective Memorized on New Ideas Creativity†. From my creation, I realize that each first letter for each word is â€Å"Mnemonic†. Utilizing this strategy, we not exclusively can explain those troublesome words and furthermore can recollect it. Memory aide assume a significant job in our day by day life, despite the fact that it is significant, it despite everything has their confinements or points of interest and hindrances. For the upside of memory helpers is it give a strategy to assist us with reviewing those data which is hard to recall. Besides, it include modifying or rebuilding data that help our customize data to turn into a brilliant student. Other than that, it likewise builds our enthusiasm to concentrate by making my approach to learn with data. In conclusion, mental aides will assist us with investing less energy in recovering our data in long haul memory when we appropriately use it. Next to favorabl e circumstances, memory aides likewise have some confinement. In the event that an individual uses mental aides too much of the time, the person will have disarray on their learning procedure. For instance, we utilize memory aide to recollect troublesome word, however the person in question who too broadly utilizing mental aide will utilize this strategy on each word regardless of the word is troublesome or not. This difficult will happen on the individuals who also depend on memory aides. Moreover, this memory aide need more opportunity to rehearse, make and learn. On the off chance that somebody despite everything can't comprehend the training, which imply that the person in question is simply sitting around idly to rehearse it.

Free Essays on Mencius

We are totally influenced by our environmental factors and encounters, as these are the key structure obstructs on which we see our reality. It isn't unexpected, at that point, that two of Confucius⠁f most recognized supporters, Mencius and Xunzi, hold two altogether different perspectives on Human Nature. Despite the fact that the Confucian logician Mencius didn't live during an especially tranquil time in Chinese historyhe was a voyaging guide during the Warring States time frame, enduring from 403 until 221 BCEthe time during which Xunzi (an individual from the accompanying age of Confucian researchers) lived was a lot darker and more bloody as he saw the wars paving the way to the Qin lines triumph in the late third century which where  galmost indefinably merciless [as] the interests encompassing them [were] frequently strongly bitter.⠁h While Confucian never observed the need to make his considerations on the character of human instinct unambiguously clear, demanding that  gby nature men are a lot of the equivalent, [and that] it is through training that they float apart,⠁h his adherents, Mencius and Xunzi, have tended to the inquiry significantly more obviously. The previous accepted that man was inclined to acceptable, and if a few people meandered from the correct way and went to fiendish, it was on the grounds that outside impacts has  gperverted their hearts.⠁h He kept up that there exists a characteristic propensity for goodness, as unavoidable as the regular inclination of water to stream descending, (Mencius, 6A.3) and that individuals increase a characteristic feeling of joy from acting ethically. He puts a lot more prominent accentuation on the intrinsic decency of human instinct, which he demands is the endowment of Heaven to every single man. Additionally Mencius attempts to  grecall and e xpand the Confucian thought of ren, or altruism and the rule of yi, or rightness.⠁h Xunzi then again demands that Human Nature is characteristically underhanded. He thought; individuals' common propensities are degenerate, and good training runs against t... Free Essays on Mencius Free Essays on Mencius The thoughts and hypotheses that both Mencius and Hzun Tzu held involved to whether man’s nature was acceptable or fiendish. Mencius guaranteed that human instinct was normally acceptable. Man was brought into the world guiltless and naã ¯ve and it was distinctly through time, war and experience that man got degenerate. In any case, Hzun Tzu felt that human instinct from birth was recolored with defilement and loaded with abhorrence and self-centeredness. Mencius and Hzun Tzu’s perspectives towards human instinct were similarly easy to refute and disputable. These two extraordinary thinkers similarly added to Confucianism and were both unmistakable authors of the Confucian conviction. Mencius’ see on man and his tendency were moralistic while Hzun Tzu’s see enveloped a more legalistic world (Liu, 2002). Hzun Tzu moved toward man through a legitimate way where a decision senator would teach the individuals. Mencius felt it important to leave choices just a s decisions to the individuals; he felt whatever ethics and qualities they have scholarly would help during the time spent legitimate dynamic. Every logician has their own unmistakable conviction with respect to the idea of human instinct those of Mencius and Hzun Tzu albeit fairly concrete as he would like to think and apparently reasonable restrict and repudiate each other. Hzun-Tzu accepted that man was naturally malevolent. Not at all like Mencius, he had little confidence in humankind and didn't feel that man could be relied upon though Mencius felt that great is found in mankind and man’s mind is at last acceptable (Shun, 2000). Hzun Tzu felt that man was brought into the world malice and it would just be through training and study that a brain quiet could rise. Mencius had a very differentiating hypothesis; he felt that the psyche was blameless and that no one but man could obliterate what was unadulterated. The standards of Hzun Tzu restrict the conventions thought and instructed by the Confucius confidence. Confucian devotees are to accept that man is acceptable and in no way, shape or form malevolent or awful. The Book of Mencius makes reference to how if ... Free Essays on Mencius We are completely influenced by our environmental factors and encounters, as these are the crucial structure hinders on which we see our reality. It isn't unexpected, at that point, that two of Confucius⠁f most recognized supporters, Mencius and Xunzi, hold two totally different perspectives on Human Nature. In spite of the fact that the Confucian savant Mencius didn't live during an especially quiet time in Chinese historyhe was a voyaging counselor during the Warring States time frame, enduring from 403 until 221 BCEthe time during which Xunzi (an individual from the accompanying age of Confucian researchers) lived was a lot darker and more crimson as he saw the wars paving the way to the Qin traditions triumph in the late third century which where  galmost incredibly fierce [as] the interests encompassing them [were] regularly seriously bitter.⠁h While Confucian never observed the need to make his musings on the character of human instinct unambiguously clear, demanding that  gby nature men are a lot of the equivalent, [and that] it is through training that they float apart,⠁h his adherents, Mencius and Xunzi, have tended to the inquiry substantially more unmistakably. The previous accepted that man was inclined to acceptable, and if a few people meandered from the correct way and went to fiendish, it was on the grounds that outer impacts has  gperverted their hearts.⠁h He kept up that there exists a characteristic inclination for goodness, as unavoidable as the regular propensity of water to stream descending, (Mencius, 6A.3) and that individuals increase a characteristic feeling of delight from acting ethically. He puts a lot more prominent accentuation on the inborn decency of human instinct, which he demands is the endowment of Heaven to every single man. Additionally Mencius attempts to  grecall and augmen t the Confucian thought of ren, or altruism and the rule of yi, or rightness.⠁h Xunzi then again demands that Human Nature is inalienably insidious. He thought; individuals' regular propensities are degenerate, and good training runs against t...

Effective Tips for Writing Research Paper like a Pro

Effective Tips for Writing Research Paper like a Pro How to Succeed in Writing a Research Paper Students, who are unfamiliar and inexperienced with academic writing, often feel confused and anxious when they are assigned to write a research paper. Becoming a strong writer in any field of knowledge takes a lot of time and a great deal of practice. Besides, writing research paper can be often messy and doesn’t look like a straight linear process as it is described in any step by step research paper writing guide. Research paper writing is one of the most difficult activities, so to help you overcome these difficulties and make the whole writing process easier, we have gathered here some useful tips for writing research paper that are sure to help you feel more confident. Research papers are the most common assignments that students have to write in practically all college classes every semester, even in science, math or dance courses. A research paper is a piece of academic writing where you have to present your analysis of the theoretical and substantial information that you have learned in the process of in-depth research. Research papers in different academic disciplines may vary in the exact format, but usually, the most common parts are: Abstract Introduction Literature Review Methodology Findings/Results Conclusion/Discussion References Sometimes, before you start working on your research paper, your instructor may assign you the task of writing a proposal for a research paper in which you have to present and explain the importance of studying a certain research problem and define the practical ways in which your study should be performed. A successful research proposal should show your profound knowledge of the topic and your great enthusiasm for performing a study. Academic writing is hard and if you want to succeed in it, you should develop good writing habits. Keep in mind that no one can create a strong college paper in just one draft on the night when the research paper is due. The following tips for writing a research paper cannot guarantee you a good research paper, but they will help you eliminate the most serious problems that are common for poor papers. Choose a topic as soon as you get the assignment and think critically to make a good research question. Give yourself enough time for doing a research. You should have time to finish your paper even if something goes wrong, for example, you have to wait for a book or an article until it is available in the library, or your computer may crash and you will need time to recover the lost data. Start working with a good outline that divides the task into smaller parts which may seem less daunting. Stick to one key idea which you should state in a sentence or in a paragraph. Provide strong argument and convincing evidence to support your thesis statement. Make several drafts. First drafts are usually rough, bad-written, and plagued with confusions and omissions. Second drafts cannot be called perfect either. The best research papers are usually rewritten several times. Always proofread your final copy and fix grammar and spelling errors and typos. An uncorrected paper says to the reader that you’re sloppy and do not care about your project. If you do not care about your research paper, why should your reader? Such rules may seem too demanding but they teach you self-discipline and ensure you achieve good results. The Process of Writing an Abstract for a Research Paper An abstract is a short piece of writing (usually one paragraph of 200-300 words) that describes a larger project, its content, and scope and identifies the project’s objective, methods, findings, and conclusions. Actually, an abstract is a concise summary of your research paper, it offers a preview and presents key points that can help your audience decide whether your entire work is worth reading so you should do your best to write it well. Abstracts vary in format from discipline to discipline, so when you are writing a literature research paper, psychology research paper or research paper in biology, you abstracts will differ in structure, but all of them should include four types of information: State the main objective of a project Outline the methods you used to achieve your goals List your project’s results Draw conclusions Although abstract is included in a research paper as the first section, it is written last because it summarizes the entire content. To write an abstract, you should take key phrases or full sentences from every section and organize them as a summary of your research paper by adding transition words and phrases to make it cohesive and clear. To make your abstract the most effective, you should use the following stylistic techniques: Avoid specialized technical vocabulary (jargon) to communicate your ideas to a broader audience Use clear, concise, but complete sentences Always use the past tense because you’re describing what you have already done Try to use the active voice in your sentences when possible A research paper is an arduous and time-consuming task. It is challenging because it requires strong analytical, research, and critical thinking skills of which not all of us can boast. Many students may face difficulties at any stages of the writing process, for example, when choosing a topic or writing a hypothesis for a research paper or a tricky methodology section. But there is no need to get frustrated â€" you can get qualified writing help on our college research paper writing service. Our expert writers can create perfect model research papers on any topic and help you get better grades.

Essay on Slavery - 1136 Words

Slavery The representative government begins with the House of Burguess. The house of Burguess as the legislature was called; they first met on July 30, 1619 in a little church in Jamestown to write the laws of Virginia. The house of Burguess remained in existence even after James I took control of Virginia. At that time there were eleven settlements in the colony. Each of them elected two, burguesses, as representatives were called. In 1964 James I cancelled the charter of the Virginia Company, thus making Virginia a royal colony. The tobacco cultivation assures Virginia’s success, which was another unanticipated development was the discovery that raising tobacco was a profitable way to make a living. In 1612 Captain John†¦show more content†¦By 1651 there were about 300 Africans in Virginia’s population of 15000. By 1640 some black servants were forced to serve their indentures for life. Slaveholders were given increasing control as the personal and civil freedom of black people, which was more and more restricted. Finally, as the 1700’s opened, the English were becoming heavily involved in the profitable slave trade, until then a monopoly of Spain. The demand for slaves increases because of labor shortage. Another response was the importation of African slaves. Slave trading itself mocked the high ideals on which so many of the colonies which had been founded. For the suffering of slaves the torment was often made worse by the fact that they came from different places of Africa. Some Africans tried to escape their mystery by starving themselves to death aboard the ships. Accustomed to agricultural work in Africa, they became indispensable to the colonial economy. Those Africans who survived the Atlantic crossing were quickly taken in hand and taught the tasks they would have to perform in America. It is estimated that 2/3 of the slaves captured in Africa never survived to land in America. The American Revolution cut off trade with England. Debate whether slavery is still necessary with the decline of agriculture. Southerners needed a new crop to make farming profitable. They grew cotton in small amounts.Show MoreRelatedSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesThere has been an ongoing debate on whether Christianity condoned or condemned slavery. In this essay, I will discuss how slave owners used biblical context to uphold the institution of slavery. I will begin analyzing scriptures in the bible that pertain to slavery. It is in my belief that the Bible did not condone slavery in the way that slave owners upheld slavery. I do not argue against that there were not slaves by bondage but they were not enslaved against their will but through the will ofRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages This was the period of post-slavery, early twentieth century, in southern United States where blacks were still treated by whites inhumanly and cruelly, even after the abolition laws of slavery of 1863. They were still named as ‘color’. Nothing much changed in African-American’s lives, though the laws of abolition of slavery were made, because now the slavery system became a way of life. The system was accepted as destiny. So the whites also got license to take disadvantages and started exploitingRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery999 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch and taking the Slavery footprint quiz I realized just how much my life and lifestyle depended on slavery. I, like most people, do not think about where my clothes came from or where the diamond in the engagement ring came from; subsequently, I alone depend on 43 slaves. 43 individuals somewhere in the world are being forced to work or work for little to nothing. I cried after reading about prese nt time slavery because like most people in today’s age, I believed slavery ended in President Lincoln’sRead MoreSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery933 Words   |  4 Pages Slavery, up to this point has progressively gotten weaker. In 1787 slavery is made illegal in the northwest territory. In 1793 Eli Whitney made the cotton gin making the demand for slaves increase. In 1820 the missouri compromise was written to ban slavery in all states above the northern missouri border. In the year 1831 Preacher Nat Turner starts a rebellion that is known to be the largest slave uprising in American History. also that year William Lloyd Garrison started publishing the LiberatorRead MoreSlavery And The Slavery Of Slavery Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pagesto resist their masters, and the institution of slavery in a subtle or a suicidal way. The visions of freedom varied throughout time periods and regions; in 1739, you have the Stono Rebellion, people used laws to argue their cases o f injustice, such as Emanuel Pieterson and Dorothy Angola, who fought for the freedom of their child and David Walker, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacob who used literature to speak against the institution of slavery. Another aspect was that freedom had a differentRead MoreSlavery And The Abolition Of Slavery1166 Words   |  5 Pagesmain issue of controversy that contributed to the split of the Union: slavery. Lincoln explicitly expressed that slavery should be abolished for several reasons, recognizing the practice as an extreme violation of human rights and American republicanism. Despite his advocacy for abolishment, Lincoln’s politics on racial justice were still problematic. While Abraham Lincoln recognizes basic human rights, and advocates that slavery is an obvious violation of these basic principles, I argue and characterizeRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slavery1128 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is one of the most inhumane acts the world has ever known. African s were kidnapped and forced into slavery by Europeans; they were separated from their families and forced to work on plantations. They were placed in unbearable conditions and the prevalent racism attached onto this system fueled the mistreatment and oppression of black people for years to come. The origins of the widespread African slavery in America as we know today started in early colonial America when people needed cheapRead MoreSlavery, Racism, And Slavery Essay1779 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery began before racism in North America. To prove this I will provide an analysis of chronological events that displayed acts of slavery and racism. With that being said, Initially I will be delving into the earliest implementations of slavery in North America. That being Jamestown Virginia 1619. Secondly, analysing an extract from 1655, where an African man named Anthony Johnson claimed to own another black individual, John Casor as his property. Subsequently, moving onto Winthrop D Jord anRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery944 Words   |  4 Pagescondemn slavery. The South also used religion as their argument, but instead, they used the Bible to argue that slavery was an acceptable part of life. People have questioned whether it was right or wrong of the South to use the bible to support their beliefs in slavery. Some would say that pro-slavery southerners had every right to use the Bible to support their beliefs. When Northerners began to use the Bible against slavery, southerners used this same argument to support it. Slavery was a practiceRead MoreSlavery : Slavery And Slavery901 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in America started in 1619 when settlers brought over African Americans to Jamestown, Virginia. The slaves came to Jamestown to work on the tobacco plantations. The slaves were also sent to other colonies such as South Carolina to work on the cotton plantations. Slaves were people who worked for no pay. This caused the land owners to make more profit from their plantations because they didn’t have to pay their workers. Southern slave owners, specifically in South Carolina, relied on slavery

Promote Product Essay - 1062 Words

Introduction We are introducing monster energy drink. Monster Energy drink is a soft drink advertised as boosting energy. This drink usually does not emphasize energy derived from the calories. They contain, but rather through a choice of caffeine, vitamins, and herbal supplements the manufacturer has combined. The special herbs and ingredients used in this energy drink are mostly from Chinese herb stock. We targeted both gender male amp; female and we used most effective techniques for our product and services with proper reasons. Product profile Monster energy drink†¦show more content†¦Other common ingredients are ginseng, carbonated water, and glucuronolactone. Some contain high levels of sugar, and many brands also offer artificially-sweetened diet versions. The central ingredient in most energy drinks is caffeine, the same stimulant found in coffee or tea, often in the form of guarana. (1) The Advertising Act: - It’s an act show us the meaning of what real advertising is. It’s establishes general requirements for advertising, restrictions on advertising and their extent. But still we need regular supervision for advertising so we can establish liability for violation of this Act. For the purposes of this Act, information which is made public for the purpose of increasing the sale of products or services, promoting an event or idea, or achieving other desired results in other areas. (2) The Fair Acting Act: - The Fair Trading Act 1987 (the Act) regulates the conduct of traders in Western Australia and imposes laws that prohibit unfair trading practices that harm consumers and other traders. It also establishes systems for regulating product safety and information standards and enables codes of practice to be developed to assist both traders and consumers in their dealings. (3) Adv.Selling and trading practices act: - The Trade Practices Act aimsShow MoreRelatedPromote products and services2598 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ASSESSMENT: BSBMKG413A – Promote Products and Services Assessment Activity 1. Consider this scenario. Eden Beauty the organisation you work for wants you to create an advertisement or plan a promotional activity for a new range of skin care products. They have stipulated the following requirements 1. The ad or promo activity should focus on the organisations reputation for providing luxury products made from all natural ingredients. 2. The advertisement should be pale pink and black 3. You shouldRead MoreAn Advertisement Is Used To Promote A Message Or A Product.994 Words   |  4 Pages An advertisement is used to promote a message or a product. Some examples of advertisements are commercials, images, and billboards. Many advertisements can have deeper messages behind them. An ad in 1945 by the Aluminum Cooking Utensil company is promoting a new aluminum pressure cooker , but targets married housewives by manipulating them into thinking the product will help them keep their husbands happy. The top half of the advertisement is an image of a women holding a man s face to kissRead MorePromote Products And Services For International Markets1653 Words   |  7 PagesPromote products and services to international markets Assessment Task 2: Project – Plan promotional activities Part A: Plan and conduct promotional activities 5 key information sources that can assist you to plan promotional activities in the identified country. Information sources Summarization Culture: https://geert-hofstede.com/ This website demonstrate different cultural dimension by various countries. IT could compare one country to another. This dimension include Power Distance Index (PDI)Read MoreWhat Is The Best Way / S Promote The Product Or Service? Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pages § What is the best way/s to promote the product or service? †¢ sales promotion: †¢ As a result the promotion is very successful; the promotion can bring a lot of customer to the market. Having updated reminders on Facebook about your salon and the current events going on within your business will actually help customers remember who you are and why they chose you in the first place. Daily posts and updates are a habit that will successfully draw new business to your Facebook pages and eventually toRead MoreAre Americans Have Good Life Style Than Chinese?987 Words   |  4 Pagesthat happened? The research shows that more than two-thirds (68.8 percent) of adults are considered to be overweight or obese in U.S.; On the other hand, there are only 15% adults consider as obesity in China. In the article â€Å"When Good Celebrities Promote Bad Foods† Sifferlin Alexandra states that celebrities’ promotion of unhealthy food and drinks. For instance, â€Å"Beyonce and Shaquille O’Neal, both of whom also endorse sodas, which are a major cont ributor to the obesity epidemic†(2). As we all knowRead MoreThe Importance Of Social Media Marketing?1323 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome your potential prospects. Your services are merely a single search away. Promote your business or product as a serious product. This technology provides you access to virtually the whole world and all its inhabitants. They are there to read and share anything that you have to say. This is your chance to establish an image for yourself that Hey! I am here to do business and I am serious about the product or services that I provide. Brings you closer to thousands of people without muchRead MoreResearch and Development and Financial Performance of UK Manufacturing Firms821 Words   |  4 Pagesextensive variety of business types. 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Marketing Dive suggests beginning with understanding the buyer across all shopping environmentsRead MoreEssay on Retail Marketing Image Study2601 Words   |  11 Pages1.0 Introduction The most common type of retail store is the supermarket variety which provide a wide range of goods and services such as food, laundry, household product, liquor and petrol. This category of retails continues to develop its facilities and services such as convenient locations, store atmosphere, variety of products, trading hours etc in order to attract and hold their customers. Woolworth and ALDI in Glendale are two retail stores covered in the subsequent report. Although bothRead MoreZara Is A Non Domestic Retailer Company Essay3209 Words   |  13 Pagesconsumers. As such, Zara has focused its attempts on the evolving and developing consumer-oriented product lines as it strives in meeting the needs of customers of different income and age. The middle-aged parents purchase clothes at the retail stores because they are cheap while the children purchase merchandise from the stores for it is trendy and fashionable. The company has a wide array of clothing and product lines as per t he market needs. The company has a distinct fashion approach and constant response

Hotel Rwanda Free Essays

After seeing the footage that Jack Daglish shot of Interamwe soldiers murdering innocent Tutsis, Paul hopes that the footage will be sent out and encourage people to stop these terrible acts of violence. However, that is not the type of world we live in. Unfortunately, we live in a world where if people are content with their lives, then they do not care about the struggles that other people are facing. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Rwanda or any similar topic only for you Order Now We say that man is a choosing animal, however most of the time we only choose to do things based on how it will affect us. We have the ability to help other people out who are struggling, but instead we choose to live in a Teflon cocoon. When we are living in a Teflon cocoon, we are denying that we as humans can do something to stop other humans from suffering. In this case, human beings were denying that they could go out and help the Tutsis who were being persecuted in Rwanda. People were only caring about getting on with their own lives and not helping out others who really needed other people to be there for them. When Daglish says, â€Å"I think if people see this footage they’ll say, ‘Oh my God that’s horrible,’ and then go on eating their dinners,† this is a precise example of people living in Teflon cocoons. It has somehow gotten in our human nature that we should only worry about our own well-being and not care about others who are in danger. Human beings around the world are not living in the web of human relations. They are mainly living inside their own separate Teflon cocoons not worried about the world outside their city or town. If we want to thrive as human beings, we must take responsibility to help each other out in times of need. If we would do that, we would be truly living in the web of human relations. Even Paul is not fully living in the web of human relations in the beginning of the movie. At first, he is only worried about saving his immediate family. He then branches out to help save all of his family and eventually his neighbors. Then when gets back to his hotel, he breaks completely out of his Teflon cocoon and comes to the aid of all Tutsis. The people depended on Paul to let them stay in his hotel as a kind of refugee camp. People around the world lost sight of their moral ecology because they did not believe it would benefit themselves to help the people in Rwanda. We as human beings need to realize that we are interdependent on each other. Not only should we depend on other people, but they should depend on us as well. When people are living inside of Teflon cocoons, they only worry about either depending on themselves, or depending on others but not letting others depend on them. Paul only realized that he must break out of his Teflon cocoon when a time of emergency showed up. Unfortunately, that is what it takes for most people to believe in the true meaning of interdependence. If only most of the world would realize what the word means before a time of emergency hit, we could live in a much more peaceful earth and have faith in our fellow human beings. I do not believe our world will ever come to that stage, but we should at least try and break out of our Teflon cocoons and start showing others that we are there for them. Maybe then a domino effect will happen and everyone will realize that we are all there for each other. How to cite Hotel Rwanda, Essay examples Hotel Rwanda Free Essays Roberto Cutout. It was released into the United States on December 22, 2004, but it released elsewhere in the world throughout 2005. The three main stars of the movie were Don Cheated, who plays Paul Reassigning the hotel manager, Sophie Conned, who plays Titian Reassigning, Pall’s wife, and Nick Molten who plays Colonel Oliver, the United Nations peacekeeper. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Rwanda or any similar topic only for you Order Now I watched this movie about a week ago on July 27th with a few of my friends who are also taking this course. The movie is not part of a series, but it is based on a true story. It is inspired by the novel An Ordinary Man by Paul Reassigning and Hotel Rwanda: Bringing the True Story of an African Hero to Film by Keri Pearson and Terry George. In Rwanda, there are two main ethnic groups, the Tutsis and the Huts , who are constantly fighting for power and control of Rwanda. Genocide constantly cleanses Rwanda streets as people turn away in fear. Paul Reassigning is a hotel manager for the Hotel Des Mille Isoclines in Kigali, Rwanda. He being a Hut helps his family and other people they know, most Tutsis like his wife, take refuge from the Hut army in his hotel. Before they even reach the hotel, they get taken by the Huts and Paul has to pay General Beginning one hundred thousand Francs to spare the lives of his Tutsis friends that first took shelter in their home and another ten thousand Francs for his wife and kids’ lives. As they try to settle the few amounts of people they have in the hotel already plus the current guests, the Red Cross and other Huts and Tutsis arrive at the hotel taking refuge adding the total from one hundred to over eight hundred Rwanda. As the genocide increases, the Europeans staying at the hotel are flown out of Rwanda by the United Nations and sent back home to avoid the danger. Paul tries to get help from the Belgians and the French after the fighting grows, but the countries refuse to get themselves caught up in Rwanda problems. The U. N. Sakes a list of refugees able to leave the country and attempt to take them on trucks across the border, but Tutsis rebels ambush the trucks forcing them to return to the hotel. Paul and his family later get to escape to a U. N. Refugee camp where they find Titan’s nieces, but her brother and sister-in-law nowhere to be found. They end up crossing past the rebel nine and drive to their new home in Tanzania, away from the war. In ten years, one million Rwanda, both Hut and Tutsis, were left for dead because of the genocide and hatred between these two ethnic groups. Which I believe is an unreasonably irrational thing to happen all due to hatred between human beings. The characters in â€Å"Hotel Rwanda† are based on real people and events that actually happened in Rwanda during the sass. Paul Reassigning was a real person that actually took care of hundreds of people in his hotel in Kigali, Rwanda. The people played in the film were accurate as to the real situation in the sass. The dates in the film were also right. Some online people, mostly Rwanda, say that the movie does not tell the story of the genocide correctly as it happened. These sources are not official since they are only people of Rwanda that live there and claim they fully and correctly know the story of the genocide and what happened with Paul Reassigning and his family. The events in the film were based on true events that happened in Rwanda during the sass, ending in 1994. â€Å"Hotel Rwanda† was mainly filmed on the spot in Kigali, Rwanda and Johannesburg, South Africa. The Hotel Des Mille Isoclines set was filmed in South Africa, but the original Hotel Des Mille Isoclines is located in Kigali, Rwanda. The scenes showing the city streets and most fighting scenes are shot in Kigali. The camp scenes along with some road scenes were filmed in South Africa. These locations were shown very accurately since they filmed part of the movie in the actual city where the movie takes place. The movie was filmed during 2004 and it released on December 22, 2004. The wardrobes of the people shown in the film are accurately represented like the Huts, Tutsis, and militias wore during the sass in Rwanda. The ears and clothes of the people were portrayed very well as to how they were back then. The producers did a great Job of showing the time period during the movie Just by the clothes the actors wore. All around this movie was accurately shot and shown as the real actual thing. â€Å"Hotel Rwanda† was a very dampening movie because of the killing of innocent people and children, but it was very good. The actors were great, especially Don Cheated, playing Paul Reassigning, the most important role in the movie. The strongest points in the movie were how real they represented and filmed the Unicode as well as the emotions in the characters throughout each scene. The weakest point in the movie, I believe, is the ending where it ends with the Russianness on the road after they got off the bus. I was curious why they didn’t show the rest of their Journey to their new home in Tanzania and what happens after they get there. Which is most likely due to the length of the movie, which is understandable. It was kind of like a cliff hanger for me, so I did not really like the ending as much as I expected I would. I also enjoyed how the movie rose to a great lima and then stayed at a climax for a while until it dived towards the end once the family reached the U. N. Camp. The movie really kept me on â€Å"the edge of my seat† throughout the whole thing . After watching â€Å"Hotel Rwanda†, I was well aware of what happened with the Hut and Tutsis genocide. I did not realize how much damage was caused in Just one hundred days of the killings. The movie would have been better if it continued on about the Russianness’ lives in Tanzania and how they managed to survive. I would definitely recommend â€Å"Hotel Rwanda† to anyone that enjoys watching historic events that keep you on the edge of your seat. How to cite Hotel Rwanda, Papers Hotel Rwanda Free Essays Textual Analysis: Hotel Rwanda (Terry George, 2004) The horrible evidence of what Kant variously called the wickedness, corruption and perversity of the human heart is, unfortunately, not encountered only in memory, it is also met with among our current experiences. We are daily obliged to witness fresh atrocities as ethnic and racial hatreds seek to express themselves in the annihilation of their proponents’ enemies. Copjec, 1996;9) The above quote effectively demonstrates that debates on evil are not only still suitable for the issues emerging in a post-modern world, but are perhaps more suitable than ever before. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Rwanda or any similar topic only for you Order Now The film which I will be discussing, Hotel Rwanda (2004), relates the true story of Paul Rusesabagina, a man who sheltered over a thousand refugees in the hotel he managed during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. The film is useful as a focus point for the discussion of evil since the situation surrounding the events that took place during those months are often referred to in terms of evil – not only on the part of the Hutu militia that perpetrated the atrocities, but also of the international community and the UN in particular, which did not intervene to stop the massacre – and it would be useful to analyse a couple of key points in this film more closely. After World War II, it was believed that the genocide perpetrated by the Nazis would never be allowed to happen again, but events in Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to name but two examples, have proven that the potential for acts of evil of this magnitude to occur are not specific to one culture or even to a place in time, but are expressions of – to use the words of Immanuel Kant – ‘a natural propensity to evil’ (1960;20) that is embedded in the human race. It might therefore prove useful to turn to psychoanalysis for a partial explanation with regards to how it is possible for people to change their behaviour in such radical ways, readily adopting new moral maxims that often oppose their previously adopted ones. According to Freud, when in a group situation, ‘the individual gives up his ego ideal and substitutes for it the group ideal as embodied in the leader’ The other members of the group are, according to this theory, ‘carried away with the rest by ‘suggestion’, that is to say, by means of identification’ (1921;161-162). According to this theory, the group – small or large – surrenders its free will to that of the leader, which makes them less likely to make their own moral judgements with regards to their actions and more likely to blindly follow the leader as well as the other members of their group. The issues of identity and legitimisation are also crucial to understanding how the Hutus felt justified in brutally murdering their former friends and neighbours. As is explained in the film, tensions between Tutsis and Hutus were virtually nonexistent prior to the arrival of the Belgian colonists. The two ethnic groups are actually very similar – they speak the same language, inhabit the same areas and follow the same traditions†¦It was the Belgian colonists who saw Hutus and Tutsis as ‘distinct entities, and even produced identity cards classifying people according to their ethnicity’ (BBC News Website). In other words, there were no violent issues of ethnic di fference until the Tutsis were made – to use the definition provided by Richard Kearney – into â€Å"aliens†. For Kearney, this term refers to ‘that experience of alterity associated with selection†¦or sometimes with suspicion’ (2000;101). He goes on to say that ‘Aliens proliferate where anxieties loom as to who we are and how we demarcate ourselves from others (who are not us)’ (2000;102). This means that, in order to legitimise their own identity, groups must necessarily create a group of ‘aliens’ with whom they can misidentify. The tendency to use members of this group as scapegoats and perceive them as threats is clearly demonstrated in the build-up to the Rwanda massacre. As the economic situation in the country worsened, Tutsis were used to divert anger from the Hutu government. Subsequently, when the airplane carrying the Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana was shot down, the incident was used to make Hutus feel as if they were under attack. As one Hutu – who actively took part in the massacre – later relates; ‘Because the RPF were blamed for the death of President Habyarimana, we thought that they had started with the high-ranking officials and that they were going to end up doing the same to us ordinary people’ (BBC News Website). In other words, ‘When faced with a threatening outsider, the best mode of defence becomes attack’ (Kearney, 2000;104). The other side of evil as portrayed in the film, however, is the international community’s failure to act. The UN soldiers in Rwanda are portrayed as good people who have their hands tied, yet their refusal to go against their orders is portrayed almost as cowardice in that they are failing to ‘do what is right’ and use their weapons in order to save lives. In a scene where the UN convoy – transporting refugees from the hotel to a secure camp – gets stopped at a militia roadblock, the refugees’ lives are in dire peril, and the fact that the soldiers will not shoot the Hutus that are about to kill unarmed men, women and children stands for what is now widely thought of as shameful unwillingness of the Western nations to recognise and stop the genocide. The outcome of this particular scene is that the UN soldiers do not use their weapons but most of the refugees are saved by the belatedly arrived local police force. The outcome of the lack of intervention from Western nations was the death of an estimated 1 million people. The crucial question for the purpose of this paper is whether the actions of those soldiers were evil. It could be argued that if they had used their guns against their explicit orders, many lives could have been saved, but it could also be said, on the other hand, that this act would have give the hostile militias a justification to kill the UN soldiers as well, which would have saved even fewer lives. In determining the evil nature of actions or people, should we consider first and foremost the intention or the consequence of action? It might prove useful at this point to outline a practical definition of morals in contrast to ethics in relation to this particular example. I would argue that morals are result-orientated whilst ethics in the true Kantian sense are interested solely in the consistent obedience of the law, a maxim which once adopted by an individual must be followed for its own sake, regardless of consequence or relative circumstances. Whilst morals must consider a situation in light not only of the law, but also taking into account the surrounding circumstances and possible outcomes, ethics dictate that anything short of upholding the law for the law’s sake is evil. Within this framework it is then possible to argue that the soldier’s actions were ethical but not moral. While it would have been impossible for them not to consider the outcome of their action, we could conclude that their decision to uphold the law overrode their need to help the refugees. Operating under a law that dictated that they would not use their weapons to protect the refugees, going against that would be – in Kantian terms – evil, as they would be breaking the law, and even if countless lives were saved as a result of that, Kant’s unforgiving sense of ethics would not spare them in the least, for the outcome of actions simply does not feature in his theoretical framework. By choosing to uphold the law the soldiers fulfil another crucial requirement of Kantian ethical behaviour (or as he calls it, the ‘moral law’); the categorical imperative. In stating that one should never act except in such a way that they should will that their maxim should become universal law, Kant established that the most important factor of his ethics is consistency, as no double standards can be tolerated. It would seem reasonable to assume that the moral maxim of the soldiers in question is that violence without due procedure and full backing of the law is never justifiable. With that in mind, it could be argued that they would be happy to see that moral maxim adopted as universal law, since a world in which this maxim was universally adopted would most probably not have seen the Rwanda genocide taking place. BIBLIOGRAPHY Copjec, J. (1996) (Ed. ) Radical Evil, Varso Books Freud, S. (1991) Civilization, Society and Religions: ‘Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego’, ‘Future of an Illusion’ and ‘Civilization and its Discontents’ (The Penguin Freud Library) Penguin Books Kant, I. 1960) Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone, New York, Harper Collins Torchbooks, Australia Kearney, R. (2000) ‘Others and Aliens: Between Good and Evil’, in: Geddes, J. (Ed. ) Evil After Postmodernism: Histories, Narratives, and Ethics, Routledge Singer, P. (2004) The President of Good and Evil: Taking George W. Bush Seriously, London, Granta Books ‘Taken Over By Satan’ http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/progr ammes/panorama/3582011. stm Accessed on 14/03/2006 ‘Rwanda: How the genocide happened’ http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/world/africa/1288230. stm Accessed on 17/03/2006 How to cite Hotel Rwanda, Papers

Bioenergy Potential Marine Biology

Question: Discuss about the Bioenergy Potential for Marine Biology. Answer: Introduction: Cork harbor is a natural harbor and river estuary currently found at the mouth of the known river Lee a place called county cork. From the results obtained the PLE species has got the first step that has been undertaken of regional assessment. The regional population of the scorpions in the second spreadsheet shows the classification into male and female of the sea scorpion. The maturation has also been depicted by the grouping of species according to the weights. The heaviest is numbered on top priority with a number one (1) starting at the top decreasing downwards as the weights reduce. Edwin (2001) stated that the biological trends in the aquatic life of Ireland harbor have been predictable for the time provided the aquatic habitats are not distorted. Common sole fish has got an accumulating weight that is increasing the same as the gutted weight hence a maturation of between three and two. There is work divided into various packages and it is to be created to revolve around the named species that faces deficiency in the data. The dab fish classification has an average weight of 82 and a gutted measurable weight of approximately 76 for all the males that have a maturity of 2 units. The dragonet species is the most productive given that it has a uniform and efficient character and maturity period of six years. The weight measured in grams shows that this aquatic species classified as a marine is able to dominate the other specie by mass and occupying a large area. The grey gurnard species has been viewed with the highest weight recorded being 45 g. The female have outnumbered the males hence there is competition in breeding for the few males and thus the maturity ranges from three to two. The common Goby species has not been doing well in this region since it has no extended maturity period hence it is unpredictable species. The scallop and Beam trawl has a mesh size code end and the location of the observer is relative to the net at time of the hauling taking place. The swell height is approximately 0.2 and the depth of 20.7m where the net was fished. Richard (1999) stated that recent changes in the distribution of two species of Asterina have been as result of the severe climatic changes and the biological developments. An average of twenty five species are caught in the ocean on a yearly basis given that there is boat moorings to gain accessibility by rib from that historic town. Within five minutes of leaving the Pontoon there is a number of inshore fishing that are found in this place which include presence of turbulent water and the shallow sandbanks, the riptides and over falls are also significant in this region. The difference between the tow sites and days has been witnessed by the grain type that has a small sample that was conducted on the longitude of 8 degrees and 51.5 N latitude time locations. Abasis (1990) stated that Bioenergy potential of eight common aquatic weeds the clay type is in deficit of sufficient nutrients and oxygen. The conditions that are required for the survival of these homogenous species are fulfilled by the fact that there is common shore crab that is double in population. Lanix 89 is also found in the fine clay region that constitutes the rest of the sample population as it has been depicted from the results. On date 11/19/2016 the tow that has been indicated from the results provided is a latitude of 51.5 N and a longitude of 8 degrees west 19. The species ranging from 1 to a number of 25 are not attacked by the parasites that are in this aquatic environment given that the survival of maturation and the GSI weight has been indicated as suitable for the circumstances. The physical geography of that is in existence at the bottom of the sea is detrimental and thus affects the invertabrates of all originality as compared to the dry land. Abrahamsson (1973) stated that the freshwater crayfish Atticus astacus in Sweden and the introduction of the American crayfish is in prevalence. Conclusion The mineralogical character of the rocks and the vegetation and other surroundings which include organisms which reside in this habitat hence there are particular families and genera that is classified in accordance to the taxonomic units. Thomas (1966) stated that Dynamics of an isolated population of the crayfish is currently being experienced in the port of Ireland. The tabular mark of the distribution on the fauna of Ireland illustrates the satisfaction factor of these exhibits the same number of asterisks from the data generated. There is comparatively poor ordnance of the species from the Northern Province as it has been showed by the tables of simple minerals. Anthony 1973 stated that on the distribution and variability of the Indo-Pacific sea star the vertebrates and invertebrates are generally distributed. References Abbasi, S., Nipaney P. 1990. Bioenergy potential of eight common aquatic weeds, Journal of Bilogical Wastes 34: 359-366. Abrahamsson, S. 1973. The freshwater crayfish Atticus astacus in Sweden and the introduction of the American crayfish, Newman press. Ireland. Thomas, K. 1966. Dynamics of an isolated population of the crayfish. Netflix press: Ireland. voir and in the lower Pilica River. XV Krajowe Seminarium Malakologiczne, Lodz, 23 Anthnony,Y. 1973 On the distribution and variability of the Indo-Pacific sea star Asterina wega (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Mediterranean Sea.Journal of Marine Biology 18: 333-336. Richard, Y. 1999. Recent changes in the distribution of two species of Asterina. Current press. Asterina. Edwin, T. 2001. The biological trends in the aquatic life of Ireland harbour. Herman press. Austria.

Thoughts On Charles Tansley In To The free essay sample

Lighthouse Essay, Research Paper Ideas on Charles Tansley in To the Lighthouse In To the Lighthouse, Mr. Ramsay serves as a function theoretical account for Charles Tansley, and therefore has great influence on Tansley # 8217 ; s calling and positions toward adult females. Because Tansley is from an # 8220 ; unsuccessful # 8221 ; household, he needs a function theoretical account for success, which he finds in Ramsay. Tansley is remaining at the Ramsay house during a vacation in order to work on his thesis and to hold entree to Mr. Ramsay. Tansley greatly admires Ramsay, and hopes to affect him. # 8220 ; They knew what he ( Tansley ) liked best # 8211 ; to be for of all time walking up and down, up and down, with Mr. Ramsay, and stating who had won this, who had won that? # 8221 ; ( 7 ) . Charles Tansley is self-aware about being from a hapless, unsuccessful household. When Tansley walks with Mrs. Ramsay to the shop, he talks about the circus with # 8220 ; a uneasiness that made her wince # 8221 ; because his household could neer afford to see the circus ( 11 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Thoughts On Charles Tansley In To The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8220 ; My male parent is a chemist, Mrs. Ramsay. He keeps a store, # 8221 ; Tansley explains ( 12 ) . Tansley aspires to be far more than a # 8220 ; working adult male, # 8221 ; but fears that he may stop up no more successful than his male parent ( 12 ) . Therefore, Tansley feels the demand to turn out his rational capablenesss. His actions at the dinner party show his insecurity. # 8220 ; He had come down in his ordinary apparels. He had non got any frock apparels # 8221 ; ( 85 ) . Because Tansley is excessively hapless to afford nice vesture, he feels really self-aware. # 8220 ; He felt highly, even physically, uncomfortable. He wanted person to give him a opportunity of asseverating himself # 8221 ; ( 90 ) . Ultimately, Tansley is driven to win in life and get the better of his low background. Although the Ramsays are non rich ( 22 ) , Tansley admires Mr. Ramsay and considers him successful plenty to follow his calling way. Not merely does Tansley desire to be a professor of doctrine, he besides is composing his thesis on the same rare subdivision of metaphysics that Mr. Ramsay surveies. However, Tansley # 8217 ; s esteem for Mr. Ramsay is non limited to academic chases. A natural by-product of this mentor-protege relationship is that Tansley efforts to emulate Ramsay # 8217 ; s behaviour in all facets of life. When Mr. and Mrs. Ramsay argue about whether the conditions will be suited for a trip to the beacon, Tansley rushes to Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s defence, stating that the air current is # 8221 ; # 8216 ; due west # 8217 ; ? that is to state, the air current blew in the worst possible way for set downing at the Lighthouse # 8221 ; ( 5 ) . Tansley will frequently reiterate things that Mr. Ramsay says verbatim. # 8220 ; All these immature work forces parodied her hubby, she reflected ; he said it would rain ; they said it would be a positive twister # 8221 ; ( 15 ) . Because Tansley admires Mr. Ramsay and desires to go more like him, Tansley adopts Ramsay # 8217 ; s point of views in all countries of life. The primary effect of this emulation is that Tansley adopts Ramsay # 8217 ; s attitudes toward adult females. Mr. Ramsay has some regard for adult females, peculiarly Mrs. Ramsay. They portion a deep, loving relationship. However, because their most intimate communicating occurs without the usage of words, the true nature of their relationship is merely apparent to the all-knowing storyteller and to the twosome themselves ( 124 ) . In public, nevertheless, Mr. Ramsay uses Mrs. Ram state to reenforce his self-importance, and frequently dominates her. Woolf vividly describes Mr. Ramsay’s evocation of understanding from Mrs. Ramsay as â€Å"the waterless scimitar of the male, which smote pitilessly, once more and once more, demanding sympathy† ( 38 ) . Furthermore, Mr. Ramsay frequently becomes impatient with Mrs. Ramsay, whom, like most adult females, he considers stupid, and is unkind to her. â€Å"The extraordinary unreason of her comment, the foolishness of women’s heads enraged him. . . she flew in the face of facts, told prevarications. He stamped his pes on the stone measure. ‘Damn you, ’ he said† ( 31-2 ) . Later on, Mr. Ramsay feels guilty about his effusion, but an foreigner like Tansley neer views this ( 64 ) . All of this leads most uninformed perceivers to agree with Lily Briscoe’s judgement of Mr. Ramsay: that he â€Å"is spoilt ; he is a autocrat ; he wears Mrs. Ramsay to death† ( 24 ) . Although Tansley does non see all of these peculiar cases of Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s public mistreatment of Mrs. Ramsay, it is likely that during his stay he witnesses many others. In short, Tansley sees merely Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s cold, condescending behavior toward adult females, neer recognizing that Mr. Ramsay genuinely loves Mrs. Ramsay. Because Tansley can merely emulate the behaviour he sees, he begins to exhibit the same disdainful attitude toward adult females. At the beginning of the novel, it is non clear how long Tansley has been at the Ramsay house. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate how much his sentiment of adult females has changed already. It is just to presume, nevertheless, that Tansley has less regard for adult females than he does originally due to Mr. Ramsay # 8217 ; s influence. Indeed, Tansley begins to happen adult females to be far inferior to work forces and therefore handle them awfully. # 8221 ; # 8216 ; No traveling to the Lighthouse tomorrow, Mr s. Ramsay, # 8217 ; he said, asseverating himself. He liked her. . . but he felt it necessary to asseverate himself # 8221 ; ( 86 ) . Tansley does non restrict his contempt for adult females to Mrs. Ramsay. He tells Lily Briscoe that # 8220 ; adult females can # 8217 ; t pigment, adult females can # 8217 ; t compose # 8221 ; ( 48 ) . On rare occasions, Tansley treats adult females with regard. Lily, for illustration, has both positive and negative experiences with Tansley, yet sums up her feelings for him in one word: # 8220 ; grotesque # 8221 ; ( 197 ) . Clearly, Tansley # 8217 ; s occasional kindness toward adult females does non extenuate his general mistreatment of them. Tansley even makes wide indictments of all females. While at the dinner tabular array, Tansley ponders # 8220 ; what damned putrefaction they talk. . . he was non traveling to be condescended by these cockamamie adult females # 8221 ; ( 85 ) . Besides during dinner, Tansley decides that # 8220 ; adul t females made civilisation impossible with their # 8216 ; appeal, # 8217 ; their absurdity # 8221 ; ( 85 ) . More significantly, Tansley grows to dislike adult females so much that he feels they destroy his stay at the Ramsay house. # 8220 ; It was deserving while making one time, he would state, but non once more. The adult females bored one so, he would state # 8221 ; ( 90 ) . Mr. Tansley is unsympathetic in a manner, and yet I feel sympathy for him. He is so uncomfortable about who he is. I picture him in his worn Grey flannel bloomerss in the dinner scene, so witting of himself and how everyone perceives him. I don # 8217 ; t believe he means to be so unsympathetic, I think I know how he feels. He wants so much to suit in, to be liked, yet he doesn # 8217 ; t cognize how to move. So, this seemingly misogynous immature adult male could be absolutely lovely if he merely knew how!

Presidents Who Were Masons

Presidents Who Were Masons There are at least 14 presidents who were Masons, or Freemasons, according to the secretive fraternal organization and presidential historians. The list of presidents who were Masons includes the likes of George Washington and Theodore Roosevelt to Harry S. Truman and Gerald Ford. Truman was one of two presidents- the other was Andrew Jackson- to achieve the rank of grandmaster, the highest ranking position in a Masonic lodge jurisdiction. Washington, meantime, earned the highest possible position, that of master, and has a Masonic memorial named after him in Alexandria, Virginia, whose mission is to highlight the contributions of Freemasons to the nation. American presidents were among many of the nations most powerful men who were members of the Freemasons. Joining the organization was seen as a rite of passage, even a civic duty, in the 1700s. It also got some presidents into trouble. Here is a complete list of presidents who were Masons, drawn from the organizations own records as well as the historians who chronicled its importance in American life. George Washington Washington, the nations first president, became a Mason in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1752. He has been quoted as saying, The object of Freemasonry is to promote the happiness of the human race. James Monroe Monroe, the nations fifth president, was initiated as a Freemason in 1775 before he was even 18 years old. He eventually became a member of the Masons lodge in Williamsburg, Virginia. Andrew Jackson Jackson, the nations seventh president, was considered a devout Mason who defended the lodge from critics. Andrew Jackson was loved by the Craft. He was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Tennessee and presided with masterly ability. He died as a Mason should die. He met the great Masonic foe and fell calmly beneath his silent blows, it was said of Jackson at the installation of a monument on his behalf in Memphis, Tennessee. James K. Polk Polk, the 11th president, began as a Mason in 1820 and achieved the rank of junior warden in his jurisdiction in Columbia, Tennessee, and earned the royal arch degree. In 1847, he helped in a Masonic ritual of laying a cornerstone at the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C., according to William L. Boyden. Boyden was a historian who wrote Masonic Presidents, Vice Presidents, and signers of the Declaration of Independence. James Buchanan Buchanan, our 15th president and only commander-in-chief to be a bachelor in the White House, joined the Masons in 1817 and achieved the rank of district deputy grand master in his home state of Pennsylvania. Andrew Johnson Johnson, the 17th president of the United States, was a loyal Mason. According to Boyden, At the cornerstone laying of the Baltimore Temple some one suggested that a chair be brought to the reviewing platform for him. Brother Johnson refused it, saying: We all meet on the level. James A. Garfield Garfield, the nations 20th president, was made a Mason in 1861in Columbus, Ohio. William McKinley McKinley, the nations 25th president, was made a Mason in 1865 in Winchester, Virginia. Todd E. Creason, founder of the Midnight Freemasons blog, wrote this about the understated McKinley: He was trusted. He listened much more than he spoke. He was willing to admit when he was wrong. But McKinley’s greatest character trait was his honesty and integrity. He twice turned down the nomination for President because he felt each time that the Republican Party had violated its own rules in nominating him. He squashed the nomination both times-something a politician today would probably view as an unthinkable act. William McKinley is a very good example of what a true and upright Mason should be. Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt, the 26th president, was made a Freemason in New York in 1901. He was known for his virtue and refusal to use his status as a Mason for political gain. Wrote Roosevelt: If you are a mason you will of course understand that it is expressly forbidden in masonry to attempt to use the order in any way for anyone’s political advantage, and it must not be done. I should emphatically object to any effort so to use it. William Howard Taft Taft, the 27th president, was made a Mason in 1909, just before becoming president. He was made a Mason at sight by the grand master of Ohio, meaning he did not have to earn his acceptance into the lodge like most others do. Warren G. Harding Harding, the 29th president, first sought acceptance into the Masonic brotherhood in 1901 but was initially blackballed. He was eventually accepted and held no grudges, wrote John R. Tester of Vermont. While president, Harding took every opportunity to speak for Masonry and attend Lodge meetings when he could, he wrote. Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt, the 32nd president, was a 32nd Degree Mason. Harry S. Truman Truman, the 33rd president, was grand master and 33rd degree Mason. Gerald R. Ford Ford, the 38th president, is the most recent to have been a Mason. He began with the fraternity in 1949. No president since Ford has been a Freemason.

Taoism a way of being or a way of becoming Essay

Taoism a way of being or a way of becoming - Essay Example Yang Chu's thought has traditionally been connected with Taoism and considered a development of the thought contained in the Tao Te Ching. Yet Mencius, who attacked the teachings of Yang Chu, never mentioned Lao Tzu in his works. Lao Tan, a wise old man who epitomized the ancient Tao, was aware of all the ancient rites held by Confucians to be the culmination of order and civilization. As it turned out, this man taught the virtues of softness and yielding, of ignorance and non-exertion, which did not quite harmonize with the Confucian enthusiasm for knowledge and form, for rites and fame. It also explained as to why Ssu-ma Ch'ien, a professed Confucian, fully aware that in his own time Taoism and Confucianism had developed into different, rival, schools, included the meeting of Lao Tzu and Confucius in both biographies. (Isabellee, 1997) The tradition that Confucius learned rites from Lao Tzu could have been perpetrated by the Confucians. Being historically minded, they had to show that their emphasis on ritual had deep roots in a venerated figure like Lao Tzu, the old master. In recent years a surge of academic interest in religious Taoism is witnessed towards its contribution to the development of Chinese science, and its rituals and practices like Girardot, Kaltenmark, Lagerwey and Welsh, etc. Though both are rooted in archaic Chinese religion, religious Taoism is a very different phenomenon from philosophical Taoism. Philosophical Taoism raised the ancient Chinese worldview to the level of thought. As a way of thinking it is clearly distinguishable from Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and other schools of thought in ancient China. Religious Taoism, on the other hand, is amorphous throughout its career. Tracing its roots to the practices of ancient shamans and diviners, as an organized religion it came into existence in the 2nd century A.D. The only indigenous religion of China which, incorporates in its development whatever enters the Chinese religious orbit. (Isabelle, 1997) It appropriated all the philosophical Taoist texts, including the Tao Te Chi ng and the Chuang Tzu, which become its sacred scriptures. But what are poetical musings and metaphysical reflections in these texts now become theory and dogma. Its most fervent search and promise are long life and immortality. While it reveres the author of the Tao Te Ching as its spiritual founder, it adopts the Yin-Yang and five-phase theory from the Yin Yang school, believes with Mo Tzu that heaven possesses conscious will, adopts Confucian ethics, and includes many Buddhist teachings and rituals. As a result the religious Taoist canon grew to thousands of volumes, for the study of all aspects of Chinese culture. Relationship between Taoism and Lao Tzu's Central Teaching The direct relationship between

EDMA_601_Assignment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDMA_601_Assignment - Assignment Example Managers are ultimately accountable for the performance of their subordinates, and this can be measured through sales, production costs, etc. In addition to this, managers are also responsible for making sure that goals and objectives are communicated between upper management and the working staff. Managers are required to make sure that employees are staying on track and are moving toward the goals of the firm. Planning involves first determining an end goal or point by which success can be measured. Second, planning requires coming up with a process that will help the organization to get where it ultimately wants to. Finally, there needs to be the flexibility to readjust goals part way through the process if the situation changes. The three types of planning are operational, strategic, and contingency. Operational planning has to do with specific goals that are used to achieve job responsibilities. Strategic planning is more about the goals of the entire organization and then matching those up with each department. Finally, contingency planning is putting in emergency measures in case there is a change in the plan. Staffing has to do with assigning employees to roles and training them appropriately. The three major parts of staffing are planning, execution, and maintenance. Planning involves preparing for future changes, execution is how to enact those changes, and maintenance has to do with making sure nothing goes wrong with the changes proposed. The management function of controlling has to do with making a comparison between organizational performance and desired outcomes and then making adjustments to meet those outcomes. Management is all about making sure that the process is continuous and there is a clear chain of command. There are three main types of control: feedforward, concurrent, and feedback. The difference between each of them is that the first attempts to prevent problems from occurring in

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Terrorism Politics Essay

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Terrorism Politics Essay Bacevichs comments regarding the ability of the United States of America to understand the conflicts it finds itself, to identify current and future threats and to prepare for the future is a symbol of the difficulty facing many states as they try and identify how to prepare their future national security policies and strategies. The challenges faced by states are reflected in the difficulties faced by academic researchers who also spend considerable time, effort and money on trying to solve the same problem. In the last ten years, a particular term has been used to describe the latest threat to global security, the Global War on Terror. The events of September 11th have brought about a greater interest in the subject of terrorism, a field of study which has grown by 85% since 1968 (SCHMID AND JONGMAN, 1988). That percentage will have increased greatly in the twenty-two years since Schmid and Jongmans study. It is surprising to consider that a greater study of terrorism was not carried out in the 1920s, considering that the Great War was started by the actions of a small and relatively unknown anarchic terrorist group. Similar to Insurgency, the field grows in strength as it becomes more widely used by actors in resistance to Western States on a large scale as the development of Western conventional warfare hegemony has grown. This essay seeks to identify where the field of terrorism studies has developed its greatest strengths and its greatest weaknesses in recent literature (defined as post 2004) and to discover whether or not the field, as it has grown ever more popular since the World Trade Centre attacks in 2001 (FRIEDRICHS, 2006), has moved on and developed. It will first discuss the question of the definition of Terrorism. It will then debate whether the habit of transient researchers has added or detracted from the field. Taking these two areas into consideration, it will consider the methodologies of Orthodox and Critical Terrorism studies and will show the development of new theories has been constrained by a use of secondary sources and the habit of lazy researching (SILKE, 2004).Finally, overall it will attempt to balance the strengths and weaknesses in the field to identify the challenges facing terrorism studies. It is important at this stage to try and define two key terms, Research and Terrorism. Research in itself is broken into three key areas; the exploratory, the descriptive and the explanatory (ROBSON, 1993). The effort of any field or discipline of study is to bring newly discovered information created from primary resources and statistics, describe it to other researchers and interested parties and then use that information to explain why events happen and then use that information to form models and theories to predict what effect may happen in the future (SILKE, 2004a). The second term to be defined is terrorism. The greatest challenge facing Terrorism research is certainly the definitional one. Schmid and questioned over one-hundred scholars to define terrorism (SCHMID AND JONGMAN, 1988). They responded with over 109 separate definitions .There is still no universal definition for terror, despite many worldwide organisations attempt to create one and despite forty years of wrangling over the subject, there has been little development. For the purposes of this essay, the use of the United Nations Security Council Shepherd Resolution 1566 definition, which refers to it as: criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act (S-RES-1566, 20 04). However, it must be remembered that this is not an official UN definition and is not used universally by UN member states. The challenges of attempting to research a subject in which no universal definition has been agreed upon will be discussed in detail below. THE DEFINITION DEBATE Before we can begin to understand Terrorism we must first of all decide what it is. Despite the actions by organisations generally described as terrorist for well over one-hundred years, the study of terrorism still suffers from the lack of a specific and legal definition of terrorism. As C. A. J. Coady wrote The definitional question is essentially irresolvable by appeal to ordinary language alone since terrorism as a concept is not ordinary (COADY, 2001). For some, such as the hegemonic power of the day (in the modern context, we should read United States) and for those fighting their own wars against separatists or insurgents using non-conventional tactics this lack of a legal definition could be used as an advantage (FRIEDRICHS, 2006). The post-2001 War on Terror during the Bush era was served by the lack of a universal definition as it allowed some nations to describe their own personal fights as part of this global war on terror. The United States, United Kingdom and even Russi a were particularly guilty of this as they implied affiliations with Arab nationals and Islamic organisations with that of terror groups and even state terror, despite there being no evidence of collaboration between the main perpetrator Al Qaeda and the Wests long term adversary Iraq. Even in Russia with the Beslan school siege, it was found that the terrorist actors had only two Arab members out of thirty-one hostage takers (DE WAAL, 2004). For the UK it was useful to secure the peace laid out in the Good Friday agreement with Irish terrorism, which had been held up by naÃÆ' ¯ve Irish-Americans believing they were supporting a cause against an Imperial power. Terrorism then in its contemporary stance, is an essentially contested concept employed to meet the needs of those applying the term (WEINBERG AND EUBANK, 2008). For those countries opposed to the War on Terror, which for them was simply an excuse for an invasion of Iraq, a universal and legal definition of terror would give them a legal basis for preventing state intervention into countries opposing the United States and their followers economic and military hegemony (FRIEDRICHS, 2006). It is also important to note how definitions over time have changed in order to suit the time in the states dealing with terror, as any definition would not be useful without a contemporary analysis of the threat of the day. This would certainly be a demonstration of why pre-1968 terrorism was not of much of a concern as it has been post-1968: Why worry about a definition of terrorism when your concerns are of conventional threats from neighbouring states? The first attempts at defining terror came through the League of Nations after numerous assassination attempts were made in the mid 1930s, with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia assassinated by Croatian separatists while on a state visit to France (WALTERS, 1969). As the murder was found to be political, the escaped separatists hiding in Italy could not be extradited under a treaty made in 1870, which excluded political acts. It is important to note at this time, which would be a theme to follow other attempts at definition, that the final resolution by the League of Nations showed terrorism to be of a political angle: (3) to punish terrorist outrages which have an international character (SAUL, 2005). The treaty was signed by a small number of signatories, ratified by only India and never brought into law. With the advent of the Second World War and the end of the League of Nations, the resolution was quickly forgotten. It did however, set a number of important precedents: 1. That a universal definition of Terrorism needs to be reached through multilateral consensus through a forum of a worldwide organisation (in modern terms, the United Nations or possibly on a limited scale, the European Union). 2. That Terrorism was a political act. 3. That states should refrain from any act designed to encourage terrorist activities directed against another State and to prevent acts in which such activities take shape (1937, LEAGUE CONVENTION).. In effect, this banned state sponsored terrorism. 4. Finally, that acts of terrorism are acts directed against a State and intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the minds of particular persons, or a group of persons or the general public (1937, LEAGUE CONVENTION). This eliminates the possibility of a State using terror against its own population but does allow Terrorism to be committed by a state against another state. Terrorism researches would be sharp to note that political understanding is the key aspect to understanding terror. It is also quite important to note such a resolution, should it have been enforced by signatories had it been ratified on a wider scale, would most likely have prevented state intervention on humanitarian grounds as states were not classed as being able to be terrorists. The use of the armed forces in foreign and civil wars was not included in the resolution to prevent their use being defined as an act of terror (SAUL, 2005). The agenda has, after a number of starts and stops since the 1937 resolution, returned to the United Nations. Since almost all international action into other states in this last 10 years has some way been connected or has been implied to be connected to terrorist actions, it is of little surprise (PETERSON, 2004). The growth of international conventions which have yet to bring about a universal legal basis gives a great deal of guidance and a strong start in the search for a definition, but has failed to create the sought after legal framework. It is also important to note that with a change in administration within the United States which has changed US foreign policy from unilateral action to that of multilateral approaches has also brought about a need for the hegemonic powers to define who the universal enemy is as predicted by Jorg Friedrich (FRIEDRICHS, 2006) and that a floating and independent definition of who the enemy is no longer serves the purposes of the coalition of th e willing, a group that were unable to even decide who the common enemy was. A definition that explains who the universal enemy to all states is (i.e. al Qaeda) will greatly enhance states ability to combat it (FRIEDRICHS, 2006), allow Terrorism researchers to focus their efforts on moving past the exploratory stage of research and allow all to generate theories on explaining and preventing further terror events. As Silke states, What is terrorism? What makes a terrorist act? What makes a group a terrorist group? These are such basic questions; and yet satisfactory answers continue to elude the field (SILKE, 2004a). Until we are able to answer these questions, terrorism research will be confined to the exploratory and descriptive stages of research. FASHIONABLE FADS It is of no surprise that Schmid and Jongman identify 1968 as the year in which interest in terrorism grew in the academic and lay community and it is of little surprise that the level of interest has grown massively with continuous references to the events of 9/11 (GORDON, 2004). Many academics from other disciplines will have identified terrorism as an interesting field of study to begin to analyse from their own perspective and their own particular specialism. Andrew Silke identifies these individuals as transient authors (SILKE, 2004a) and notes that over 80% of terrorism research articles were from one-timers (SILKE, 2004b), who applied their subject expertise to the new fashionable fad of terrorism studies. Avishag Gordon also discusses the issue of transient authors in great detail, stating that Terrorism as a research field lacks constancy and the commitment of researchers to the field (GORDON, 2007), a sentiment shared by Silke who states that they are simply after a one-off publication and have no real interest in the field (SILKE, 2004a). Silke also writes about Ariel Merari who is particularly scathing towards contributors who are unfamiliar with terrorism research. It is said that usually a contribution of this kind is well-grounded in the empirical and theoretical findings of the writers particular area of expertise, but lacking in knowledge in terrorismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (MERARI, 1991). It is perhaps understandable to see where these seasoned terrorism researchers are coming from; Silkes study in 2004 following on from Schmid and Jongmans study in 1988, shows that over 75% of works from 1990-1999 comes from authors whose backgrounds are political sciences, government departments, consultancy, sociology and psychology respectively (SILKE, 2004b). However, it is perhaps a little short sighted to simply write off one-time contributors to the field as people who simply felt that had something to contribute to the juicy subject of terrorism (MERARI, 1991). Instead, we can quickly identify areas in which these outside disciplines have considerably strengthened the field of terrorism studies. First of all, let us consider the motivations and backgrounds of those who study terrorism as their main subject of interest. Many are Military personnel, police officers, Government Officials and spies; all who, in some regards, deal with terrorism as some aspect of their job. Their interest in this subject comes from their desire to improve their capacity to work within their vocation, but what are they likely to bring to the debate? Most may bring a good deal of experience to the subject but experience is not something terrorism researchers are lacking; it is an understanding of the psychology, sociology and economics that motivate an individual to resort to terrorism. Military units are well known for their failures in dealing with civilian populations; the United States militarys inability to quell insurgency in Vietnam and their heavy handedness in Iraq after the 2003 which generated a near civil-war are two easy examples to find. And this is not simply a US military problem. R ussian actions in Chechnya, Israeli actions in Palestine and British actions in Aden are three other examples of how militaries failed to understand the causes, and thus create resolutions too, the problems they faced. As a result, any research which brings a fresh and unexpected look and well grounded in the empirical and theoretical (MERARI, 1991) would bring knowledge and primary source information into the field which would otherwise not exist. They also bring with them greater knowledge of empirical analysis Secondly, statistics do not always speak the whole truth. Though there are admittedly a large number of one-off contributors to the field since 2000, many authors have actually combined their knowledge of psychology, sociology and economics with that of terrorism to move their research on from the exploratory stage of research and into the explanatory. For example Walter Enders and Todd Sandler have co-written numerous articles and works on the subjects of terrorism and its effects on economics, tourism and transnational policies for dealing with terrorism. Enders and Sandler are also not alone in bringing knowledge from other disciplines into the field. Gordon discusses the research of another academic, who look into transient researchers in other fields to see how many conduct continuous research. Hawkins in 1978, who analysed the literature of Gas Compounds, discovered that only 4.7% of researchers continued to study in the field for more than ten years, compared with 66.4% who co ntributed only for one year (GORDON, 2007). Despite the protestations of Silke, Merari and even Gordon himself, Gordon appears to have shown that terrorism studies is not alone in the number of transient academics who contribute. Since 2001, it has also been financially easier for researchers to get funding from state sources, as the needs of governments to counter the rise of Terrorism is able to generate a new host of researchers who will stick with the subject (WEINBERG AND EUBANK, 2008) Thirdly, as Meadows describes in 1998, who sees intellectual mobility as an inevitable trend that marks the rise of new topics in the sciences (GORDON, 2007) which can bring new subjects and new areas unbeknown otherwise to the fore. Leydesdorff Wagner go further to say that continuant authors are the core of the field of research. They attract transient authors to contribute to the field, bringing new information (LEYDESDORFF WAGNER, 2005). It should then be considered a strength to terrorism studies in which transient authors decide to contribute to the field of study by bringing in expertise in the disciplines of economics, psychology and sociology, knowledge which would either be left out from studies or would slow down the progress of terrorism research as academics spend more term learning the details of other disciplines. It can be seen that many of these authors do become continuant authors, as the likes of Enders and Sandler have shown. THE GOOD AND THE EVIL Perhaps one of the greatest failing of Terrorism is studies is explaining why individuals and groups feel the need to resort to Terror through a theoretical basis. Gaetano Ilardi suggests that the focus of terrorism studies has been lost as researchers become focused on areas of less concern, which importantly has prevented the development of a sound theoretical understanding of the dynamics of terrorism (ILARDI, 2004). The basis for this assumption, which Richard Jackson (JACKSON, 2007) concurs with, is that Terrorism studies has been distracted by a so-called New Terrorism (JACKSON, 2007) since September 11th, which has gripped the attention of the world at large through a them-and-us perception of good and evil. Ilardi points out Bush used the word evil eleven times on his 11th October 2001 speech (ILARDI, 2004) to point the new war on terror as simply a battle against good and evil. It is of no surprise then, that 90% of Terrorism scholarly articles have been written since Septem ber 11th (SHEPHERED, 2007) This debate on good against evil in the war on terror has long been criticised as preventing further development at the political level. As challenges in Iraq grew in 2005/06, the Iraq study group noted that Many Americans are dissatisfied, not just with the situation in Iraq but with the state of our political debate regarding Iraqà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Our country deserves a debate that prizes substance over rhetoric. (IRAQ STUDY GROUP, 2006). As many reports on Terror and Terrorists is written from an us perspective from Governmental and Security departments of Western nations, the general assumption that Western democratic way of living is the right way (HUNTINGDON, 1997) has resulted in policy makers and Terror researchers believing that Western democracy can solve Terror problems in other countries, which Huntingdon described as the West and the rest (HUNTINGDON, 1997). Ilardi points out that the USA and its Western allies believe in their core values of law, democracy, freedom and pe ace (ILARDI, 2004) and also shows how the Bush era rhetoric rarely discusses the war on terror and democracy as separate issues. The inability to separate foreign policy and the exportation of Western democracy from the fundamentals of Terrorism research has prevented the field from maturing beyond a comic book perception of Good Vs. Evil. This rhetoric prevents researchers from developing an understanding of, for example, bin Laden as a declaration of evil absolves the need for Western states to understand their decisions, reasons and policies (ILARDI, 2004). It encourages fear, bias and obscures the root of the problemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and denies the perpetrator even the slightest degree of legitimacy, so their grievances are at best incidental (ILARDI, 2004). This moralistic perspective, as described by Dr Richard Jackson, is deeply antithetical to scientific inquiry, which calls for a more dispassionate and less moralistic analysis of the evidence (JACKSON, 2007). Such an approach would not only assist with the finding of a definition, but also finally quell the most over-stated phrase in Terrorism studies that ones terrorist is anothers freedom fighter, a statement which hugely over-simplifies the difficulties faced by students of Terrorism. In order to move the Terrorism debate forward, Jackson suggests a move away from Orthodox Terrorism Studies (which is branded by (1) its poor methods and theories, (2) its state centricity, (3) its problem solving orientation, and (4) its institutional and intellectual links to state security projects) and towards Critical Terrorism Studies (JACKSON, 2007), which, as the name suggest, a far more skeptical approach to current assumed Terrorism knowledge (Jackson, 2007). Jacksons argument can be seen to support the inclusion of experts in other fields delivering fresh perspectives, compared to that of Silke, Merari and Gordon who are far more snobbish when it comes to transients. In response to Jacksons criticisms, Horgan and Boyle (2008) indicate that most scholars are well aware of the difficulties faced with Terrorism research, writing An implicit presumption from this is that terrorism scholars have laboured for all of these years without being aware that their area of study has an implicit bias, as well as definitional and methodological problems (HORGAN AND BOYLE, 2008). However, Horgan and Boyles argument does not deal with the problem at hand; if the issues in Terrorism studies are based around a moralistic bias, a lack of definitions and failures in methodology it is not excusable to simple mention that researchers are aware of these difficulties without attempting to overcome them. This habit of making excuses for Terrorism research failures appears to be quite common, with Weinberg and Eubank writing Andrew Silke, Marc Sageman, Alex Schmid and a long list of other investigators have called our attention to significant and long-term flaws in how ter rorism has been studied since the phenomenon itself reappeared in the 1960s (WEINBERG AND EUBANK, 2008). The critics of Critical Terrorism Studies put forward by Jackson appear to be far more concerned with protecting the Orthodox methods of research (which will be discussed in detail next in this essay), despite recognising its flaws, instead of working to overcome them. If they are widely recognized by a wide number of researchers and authors, why are they still so prominent? The last aspect of the Good Vs. Evil debate is the question of State Terror. Ever since the League of Nations convention ruled out the State as being capable of committing Terror, it has been a limited area of study. Jackson highlights this, saying Of particular concern is that, with only a few notable exceptions, terrorism studies has failed to engage with the issues and practices of state terrorism (JACKSON, 2007). Andrew Silke in his 2004 study shows that only 12 out of 490 journals addressed the question of State Terror (SILKE, 2004b). As the growth in Terrorism studies has been funded by a need from Governmental organisations and security services focused on the states needs against opposing organisations, this is not a surprise. Working that Terrorism and its definition is useful for the state itself, it is only post-September 11th that the US and its Western allies have at all been interested in State Terror, as it would allow them to cry out against nations which, according t o them, Terrorise their own population (Iran is an excellent example here). Weinberg and Eubank argue against Jackson, saying The critical terrorism studies claims about the ideological bias and state-centric nature of conventional terrorism studies seems complex and requires a more extended reaction (WEINBERG AND EUBANK, 2008). However, once again the supporters of Orthodox Terrorism Studies appear to have missed the point; researchers should not be relying solely on Governments sponsoring research in their fight against the Evil in the world as the Good Guys. They should instead be taking an objective and empirical approach to analysing the causes and solutions to Terrorism, avoid a state-centric angle which would prevent the Good Vs. Evil debate and finally rid us of the freedom fighters and terrorists statement. Shepherd, Jessica, The Rise and Rise of Terrorism Studies, The Guardian (2007) The Iraq Study Group, (2006) The Iraq Study Group Report, Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace, December Jackson, Richard, The core commitments of critical terrorism studies, European political science: (2007) LEYDESDORFF WAGNER, Network structure, self-organization, and the growth of international collaboration in science, George Washington University Center for International Science and Technology Policy (2005) Merari, Ariel, Terrorism and Political Violence, Volume 3, Issue 1 Spring 1991 , pages 88 102 Schmid, Alex and Jongman, Albert, Political Terrorism: a New Guide To Actiors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction books, 1988). Robson, Colin, Real World Research (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) Silke, Andrew, (A) Research on Terrorism in A. Silke (ed.) Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievements and Failures (London: Portland, 2004) Silke, Andrew, (B) The Road Less Travelled in A. Silke (ed.) Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievements and Failures (London: Portland, 2004) Ilardi, G. (2004) Redefining the Issues: The Future of Terrorism Research and the Search for Empathy, in A. Silke (ed.) Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievements and Failures (London: Portland, 2004) United Nations Security Council Resolution S-RES-1566(2004) in 2004 (retrieved 06/01/2010) Gordon, AVISHAG, Terrorism and Knowledge Growth: A Databases and Internet Analysis in A. Silke (ed.) Research on Terrorism: Trends, Achievements and Failures (London: Portland, 2004) Gordon, AVISHAG, Transient and continuant authors in a research field: The case of terrorism, Scientometrics, Vol. 72, No. 2 (2007) 213-224 FRIEDRICHS, JORG, Defining the International Public Enemy: The Political Struggle behind the Legal Debate on International Terrorism (Leiden Journal of International Law, 19 2006), de Waal, Thomas, Chechnya: War on terror legends debunked, (Index on Censorship www.indexonline.org, November 18, 2004) 1937 League Convention, in International Conference Proceedings, supra n. 32, annex I, p. 5; and 1937 Convention for the Creation of an International Criminal Court, in International Conference Proceedings, supra, n. 32. Peterson, M. J. , Using the General Assembly, in J. Boulden and T. G.Weiss (eds.), Terrorism and the UN: Before and After September 11 (2004) Coady, C. A. J., Terrorism, Encyclopedia of Ethics, Lawrence C . Becker (ed.) (New York: Garland, 2001). Weinberg, Leonard and Eubank, William(2008) Problems with the critical studies approach to the study of terrorism, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 1: 2, 185 195 Horgan, John and Boyle, Michael J.(2008) A case against Critical Terrorism Studies, Critical Studies on Terrorism, 1: 1, 51 64