Friday, May 31, 2019

The Loss of Paradise in Enid Dames Lilith :: Enid Dame Lilith Essays

The Loss of Paradise in Enid Dames LilithThe poem Lilith, written by Enid Dame. It is a poem that gives the accounting of a womans life. It discusses her life with a man and the reason that she left him. Although one has been informed that she had left him for legitimate reasons one does non really get brainwave into who this god is until someone does research as to who Lilith was. Lilith was a demoness/goddess that was created before Eve non from Adams rib. It was believed that Eve was only created for the fact that Lilith was so rebellious and left Eden. In a way, Eve was somewhat of a contingency plan. Lilith would not submit to Adams authority and she was cast out of Eden. Knowing this allows one to have insight into this poem. The poet ofttimes writes poems about Lilth and is involved in the feminist movement. Lilith has become a spoke person for the feminist movement due to the fact that she was the first woman who did not submit to a man. This to some women also proves the fact that women are not considerd submit to men. The first women created did not so why should they? This poem is not only used to express a emotion about something but it is also used for a movement. This poem talks about more than serious a womans life, it uses metaphors and words with simple meanings to add up to something greater. One of the first words I felt this way about was the word hairy. The point I feel the poet was trying to get across was the characters masculinity. Real men are hairy one knows what that first hair on a boys chest fashion it means that they have finally reached manhood. Another thing that stands out is how she talks about safety is what all women want and what all men are suppose to provide. Their duty is to provide and take care of their wives. So it sounds to me that Adam was keeping up his end of the bargain, so what was the problem? It sounds to me that Lilith needed some adventure. Maybe she was banal of cooking and clean ing and being a good wife while Adam got to go out and work.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Franklin :: Essays Papers

FranklinThe life that Franklin depicts is more than a winner story. It is a story of nothing but success. What makes Franklins success great is that he does nothing compulsively, irrationally, or out of weakness, but appears to be governed by reason, moderation, and virtue. With his strong sense of identity he seems singularly immune to the workings of the conflict-torn inner self-importance that Yeats called the Foul rag-and-bone shop of the heart, his existence untroubled by stretches of ennui and waste. The absence of a sense of the harshness and inexplicability of life, together with his emphasis on material success is what seemed to allow Franklin to succeed. (These quotes were taken out of the introduction to Franklins autobiography).With all this in mind, I chose to read The Autobiography and Other Writings of Benjamin Franklin. This book as you could tell was written by Benjamin Franklin and its publisher is Penguin Classics. The main topic of this biography was the life of B enjamin Franklin and about all of his accomplishments and the hardships that he face growing up. This autobiography was written in the first person point of view, as a letter that Franklin wrote to his son William. Because of the fact that this book was written by Benjamin Franklin and about Benjamin Franklin, I believed everything that was said but what I disliked was how Franklin wasnt able to complete this book and how he didnt clear more time on discussing his major philosophies. The main thesis of this book was the hardship that Franklin was faced with and how he grew up to become the man that he did. I believe that the one sentence that deals with the theme of this autobiography is a quote which Franklin once said I cannot boast of much Success in acquiring the Reality of this Virtue but I had a good deal with regard to the Appearance of it. So with the belief that working hard will champion achieve goals, Franklin also states, If you work hard you will lead a fulfilling life. A third quote from Franklins autobiography that states the importance he placed on hard work to achieve success is Industry, Lose no time.-Be always employd in something useful.-Cut off all unnecessary Actions. This shows about how Franklin wasnt the type of person who waits for something to happened but works hard to achieve his goals.

Importance of Clothing in Prologue of the Canterbury Tales :: Canterbury Tales Essays

Importance of Clothing in Prologue of the Canterbury Tales           Countless people remember in the cliche do not judge a book by its cover but why not? Clothing often forms anothers outgrowth impression of one. It speaks of where a person has been and where they intend to go. Their appearance also illustrates a persons true self and aspirations. A man wearing torn jeans, dingy shirt, and aged(prenominal) shoes might be thought of as poor or coming home from a hard days labor. However, a young woman in a Gucci dress with Versace pumps could be assumed to have access to a large amount of money. In The Prologue from the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer uses clothing as an insight into peoples ongoing assay called life.         In the Prologue, humbled by his life experiences, the Knight dresses plainly. Garbed in a stained coarse cotton tunic, the knight sits upon his horse. Seen in a divergent setting, the Knights attire w ould say little about his life as an honorable man. By humbling oneself, a true hero lends credence to the fact that rack is not always needed. His armor left dark smudges on his tunic. Humbling experiences cause humans to step back and analyze the fortune they have they image that they do not have to wear their achievements. Sometimes people boast their success through fine clothing. Unlike the flamboyant Yeomen, the  distinguished knight wears grizzly garments.         The Yeomen succumbs to societys inclination that when he dresses the part he will become successful. He wears a coat with a green hood. From a low social standing, he believes that the better he looks the more successful he will become. Emphasis should be placed on ones achievements and inner self rather than outward appearance. A saucy brace is worn on his arm to protect it from the bow. At first glance, one would assume that he was a superior archer of high-pitched standing s rather then a lowly Yeomen. Looks can be deceiving, but the illusion fades as ones true self shines through. Extravagant best describes the Yeomens style spot plain and reserved best depicts the nun.         Chaucer illustrates how small insignificant accessories can have a deeper meaning. The Nun wore a coral trinket on her arm.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Never Ending Israel-Palestine Peace Talks Essay -- International C

The intelligence agency of people dying and suffering, killings of women and children, and bombings by terrorists and militaries, has undoubtedly grabbed the worlds attention towards the Israel- nirvana conflict. While Palestinian children scream for their dead parents, the worlds leaders and academics initiated a frantic debate, trying hard to point out the real cause and viable solutions for the modern situation. This has led to many tranquillity initiatives by the international confederation that were unfortunately a devastating failure. This deadlock had left leaders and supporters of both sides blaming each other for their stubbornness, in some cases elevating the unrest in Israel and Palestine (Reynolds). In this difficult condition, it is hard for us to determine what actually caused the failure of the peace negotiation without cosmos biased towards one side. Therefore, my goal in this essay is to take in the cause of the peace talks failure objectively by observing the history of old peace talks, the reasons for disagreement that are given by Palestine and Israel and the secern issues discussed in peace talks. Finally, I will conclude my research by create my stand on the causes based on the research I have conducted.Before we move on to discussing the cause of peace talks failures, it is crucial that we regard the peace initiatives that had occurred between Israel and Palestine. The starting point for the peace talks was UNs Security Council courage 1967 which occurred after the 1967 war (Reynolds). This resolution stressed on backdown of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict and . . . think of for and acknowledgment . . . of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and re... ...tinue the Peace Process? No, Its Heading for Disaster. nitty-gritty East Quarterly September 1995 23-28.Reynolds, Paul. storey of Mid-East peace talks. 27 August 2010. 1 April 2012 .Saad, Lynda and St eve Crabtree. impression Briefing Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. 30 March 2012. 2 April 2012 .Sabbagh, Karl. Palestine History of a Lost Nation. brisk Yourk Grove Press, 2006.The Telegraph. Middle East peace talks call issues between Israel and Palestinians. The Telegraph 14 September 2010.Tibi, Ahmad. Pressing Netanyahu is the key to success in Mideast peace talks. 3 September 2010. 1 April 2012 .United Nations Security Council. Resolution 242 (1967). Official Record. New York United Nations, 1967.. Resolution 252 (1968). Official Record. New York United Nations, 1968. The Never Ending Israel-Palestine Peace Talks Essay -- International CThe news of people dying and suffering, killings of women and children, and bombings by terrorists and militaries, has undoubtedly grabbed the worlds attention towards the Israel-Palestine conflict. While Palestinian children scream for their dead parents, the worlds leaders and academics initiated a frantic debate, trying hard to point out the real cause and viable solutions for the current situation. This has led to many peace initiatives by the international community that were unfortunately a devastating failure. This deadlock had left leaders and supporters of both sides blaming each other for their stubbornness, in some cases elevating the unrest in Israel and Palestine (Reynolds). In this difficult condition, it is hard for us to determine what actually caused the failure of the peace talks without being biased towards one side. Therefore, my goal in this essay is to examine the cause of the peace talks failure objectively by observing the history of past peace talks, the reasons for disagreement that are given by Palestine and Israel and the key issues discussed in peace talks. Finally, I will conclude my research by developing my stand on the causes based on the research I have conducted.Before we move on to discussing the cause of peace talks failures, it is crucial that we understand the peace ini tiatives that had occurred between Israel and Palestine. The starting point for the peace talks was UNs Security Council Resolution 1967 which occurred after the 1967 war (Reynolds). This resolution stressed on withdrawal of Israel armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict and . . . respect for and acknowledgment . . . of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and re... ...tinue the Peace Process? No, Its Heading for Disaster. Middle East Quarterly September 1995 23-28.Reynolds, Paul. History of Mid-East peace talks. 27 August 2010. 1 April 2012 .Saad, Lynda and Steve Crabtree. Opinion Briefing Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. 30 March 2012. 2 April 2012 .Sabbagh, Karl. Palestine History of a Lost Nation. New Yourk Grove Press, 2006.The Telegraph. Middle East peace talks key issues between Israel and Palestinians. The Telegraph 14 September 2010.Tibi, Ahmad. Pressing Netanyahu is the key to success in Mideast peace talks. 3 September 2010. 1 April 2012 .United Nations Security Council. Resolution 242 (1967). Official Record. New York United Nations, 1967.. Resolution 252 (1968). Official Record. New York United Nations, 1968.

Moral Judgements :: essays research papers

Moral JudgementsJakob Bronowskis book, Science and Human Values argues that the scientific mode of inquiry into reality provides a generally applicable foundation for moral judgement. Bronowski says, in order to keep the study in a manageable field. I will continue to choose a society in which the principle of truth rules. Therefore the society which I will examine is that formed by scientists themselves it is the body of scientists (Bronowski 58). Bronowski forces it clear in his book that he is going to base his study on scientists. There are five measurements in the scientific method of inquiry into reality. The first one being Observation, the second is Hypothesis, the third is Experiments, the fourth is Theory, and the fifth being Publishing. In the books second chapter, The garment of Truth, Bronowski explains how people observe or recognize things. The scientist or artist takes two facts or draws which are separate he finds in them a similitude which had not been seen b efore and he creates a unity by showing the likeness (Bronowski 27). The method of observation requires the scientist to find the similarity in both objects and make a generalization step up of it. The example Bronowski uses of, is a coin. A person first sees the head of the penny and then the tail, and he then concludes that both separate are from the same coin. Bronowski says, we know the thing only by mapping and joining our experiences of its aspects (Bronowski 31).The second step will be making a assumption or an educated guess of what is going to happen. The example Bronowski uses is of this little girl who knew a doctor who wore a hearing aid, thus every time she met a person with a hearing aid, she automatically assumed that the person is a doctor. The generalization that the little girl made was of course mistaken (Bronowski 37).The third step is the test to see if the hypothesis is correct. Bronowski says, the place of experience is to test and correct the concept. The t est is, Will the concept work? Does it give an unforced unity to the experience of men? Does the concept make life orderly, not by edict but in fact? (Bronowski 41). This test makes sure that the results will turn out similar every time according to the conditions of the experiment. The forth step is to compose a theory.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Comparing Maturation in Sons and Lovers, Out Of The Shelter and The Rac

Comparing Maturation in Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawrence, Out Of The Shelter by David burden and The Rachel Papersby Martin Amis Each of these three novels Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawrence, Out Of The Shelter by David Lodge and The Rachel Papers by Martin Amis, examine the transition between childishness and adulthood of the three main characters in each of the texts. Each author represents this transition by showing how all the characters deal with significant stages or events in their lives. The problems which they encounter lead to the maturation of each character which finally leads to the process of growing up taking place. Although each book is set in a different era, where social conventions are very different, many of the problems which each of the characters face remain the same. Sons and Lovers by D.H.Lawrence is set in a working class, coal-mining community in pre-war England. It is against this setting that capital of Minnesota Morel grows up. For Paul, the process of gr owing up means how his relationships with various groups of people and individuals develop and how he himself sees these relationships. The mostsignificant relationships Paul has are those with his parents, the opposite sex and the immaterial world. Pauls childhood is similar to other children in that area of Nottingham in the 1930s. His father spends most evenings drinking, squandering most of the familys income. Paul resents his father for making his mother dumbfound because of this and never questions the fact that it is his mother who drives Mr Morel to drink. Paul is the second of four children and has an unusually close relationship with his mother which intensifies after the death of his elder brother, William. This relationship that Paul has with his mother pre... ...urney which is made by the main character takes place over a relatavely short period of time. The way in which adolescents rites of passage are correspond in all three of my novels conforms to the idea that The subject is the development of the protagonists mind and character, as he passes from childhood through varied experiences - and usually through phantasmal crisis - into maturity and the recognition of his identity and role in the world. Works CitedAmis, Martin. The Rachel Papers. New York Vintage International, 1992.Lawrence, D.H. Sons and Lovers. New York Barnes & Noble, 1996Lodge, David. Out of the Shelter. New York 1985. Powell, Neil. What Life Is The Novels of Martin Amis. PN Review, June 1981 42-45.Spilka, Mark. The Love Ethic of D.H. Lawrence. (1955) 244. Rpt. In TCLC. Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 16. Detroit Gale, 1985.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Beginning The Audit Report Essay

I would like to thank you for vesting your telephoner and trust in our sozzled to be your attendants. In this letter an explanation of the general terms and the mathematical process of our audit volition be defined. This is only an educational purpose letter and is non an agreement.THE scrutinize PROCESSAn audit is an examination and study of companies financial statements. The examination is performed with a view to portray an conviction of whether the companies financial statements prove a true and honest statues of the play along. Auditing the activities of the comp both allow for be planned, executed properly and thoroughly reviewed to assure that all statements are in compliance with laws and regulations. The following is the process as to which our firm will be conducting the auditWe have a strict guestele screening process, once the screening process ofthe company is concluded and confirms that youre company is an acceptable guest we will proceed with the next step in the process.Once the screening process is passed we might need to contact the companies previous auditor and have agreed consent from them to proceed. If the previous auditor does not consent or if your company does not allow us authority to contact he previous audit our firm will not perform the audit in your company.After all consents have been given there will be an audit engagement letter that will be put outd to your company, which would represent the agreement between your company and our firm. The agreement would give the fundamental basic terms of the vogue the audit will be performed and what expectations of the firm and company will be.Once your company receives the engagement letter, all data will be collected from your company and the environment. The information collected will allow us to identify problem areas from prior audits.When all data is gathered we will complete a pretend assessment of the company so that the best audit approach may be selected.For low r isk companies we may test controls to analyze whether or not the companies internal controls are functioning followed by a smaller set of substantive testing.If the company is high risk your internal controls are weak, we would will bank heavily on substantive testing in order to make sure that there is no misstatements in the companies accounts.Whichever approach is chosen the analytical process during different parts of the audit will be the same.Once the main acidify is completed we will review the audited work and bring forth any growths to you that have risen from the audit work.When the issues are resolved (if any), the audit report will be issued. This would conclude our audit process on the companies accounts and statements for the year.Attached you will find other documents which will give you a better understanding of the audit process. Please if you have any questions please giftl free to draw up to us.Thank you,The auditors._Attachments_Engagement checklistEngagemen t letterTimeframes for the auditENGAGEMENT CHECKLISTAUDITYES/NOIntroductory letter sent to clientScreening process of client completeFirst meeting with client completeGeneral issues were discussed with clientConsent to contact previous auditor requestedDetailed meeting with client discussing engagement terms heldLetter of engagement sent to clientChanges to scope made (if any)Letter received by client and acceptedAudit timetable model sent to clientENGAGEMENT LETTERToDirectors of Apollo Shoes.This letter serves as representation that we will act as auditors for Apollo Shoes, therefore responsibility of the company and our firm in all respected areas of the audit.MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTSResponsibility of preparation and accurate presentation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS and SFAS will be held by management. The respected responsibility includesAppropriate accounting policies should be selected and appliedInternal controls relevant to t he preparing and presenting financial statements should be designed and implemented. Financial reports should be free from misstatements. story estimates should be made to a reasonable and circumstantial amount(Apra, 2009).AUDITORS RESPONSIBILITYOur firms responsibility is to give the company an opinion on the financial statements that are presented to us based on our audit findings. We will review all data collected and ascertain that information and work is in compliance with statutes, regulations, GAAP, SFAS, and IFRS. We will also ascertain that the data is in compliance with the code of ethics for professional auditors (Apra, 2009).Audit will include the review and examination of all figures and facts on a test basis. Due to the nature of the test there may still be a risk that near misstatements will go undiscovered. In order to reduce risk we encourage and need Apollo to provide and make necessary arrangements relating to the execution of the audit. Our firm will adopt unre stricted access to all records, documentation and all information requested by our firm. Any representation that the company makes in connection to the audit will be expected to be confirmed and in writing.When the firm feels that there is sufficient work reviewed and completed by the auditors to establish an opinion, the firm will issue and audit report. The report will be given to the company if all issues and circumstances brought forth by the auditors is resolved by the company.FEE AND OTHER ISSUESThe firms fee will be charged on a fixed amount of $12,000 plus an additional hourly wage based on the number of hours worked by the firms staff on your companies audit engagement. This additional fee will vary depending on the level of seniority the individual has and time spent. Our firm will issue a management letter, which will focus on the companies weaknesses in the internal control system, which arose from the audit. This letter is a professional courtesy letter and is not a par t of the audit.Please sign this letter and send it back to us. Once signed, this letter will represent the confirmation of the terms of engagement. This letter will persevere effective until the letter is superseded, canceled or amended.Sincerely,AuditorsOn behalf of directorsSignature __________________________________TIMEFRAMES FOR THE AUDITAUDITDATE COMPLETEDDATE REVIEWEDGathering of knowledge about client fabrication statsProduct rangeMarkets operatedKey customersKey suppliersCompetitorsRisk assessmentInitial analytical proceduresKey evaluation of audit approachSelection basis of samples test receivablesTesting and checking inventoryTesting payablesTesting long-term liabilitiesTesting capital and other shareholders fundsTesting and verifying non-current assetsVerification of cash and bank inside informationFinal analytical reviewReview of post balance sheet eventsApplication of accounting standardsAudit finalizationIssue of audit reportReferencesArens, A.A., Elder, R.J., & Beas ley, M.S. (2012). _Auditing and presumption Services_ (14thed.). Upper Saddle River , NJ Prentice Hall.FASB. (2014).Apra. (2009). _Auditor Report._ Retrieved from http//www.apra.gov.au/Superannuation/upload/AuditReport_Vn2-Sept.pdf

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Body of the Paper Essay

population see union as a bond between 2 people that posits responsibility and legalities, as well up as commitment and challenge irregardless of how the ceremony took place. This c erstpt of wedlock hasnt changed over the years. The notion of marriage as a sacrament and not just a contract can be traced from the writings of St. Paul who comp atomic number 18d the race of a husband and wife to that of Christ and his church (Eph. v, 23-32). Different cultures be rich with espousals rituals and usances.The said practices suck in some sort of historical and spiritual explanation amongst people with varying traditions drawn from their ancestors. A certain judgement was incorporated in their culture which makes every(prenominal) ritual unique from one an different. Nonetheless, all of them acknowledge the union of two individuals. One universally known tradition is that of the engagement ring. It is a ring that is given prior to the marriage ceremony ceremony which means that two people ar engaged and are scheduled to be married soon. This custom can be dated back to the ancient Romans. It is believed that the roundness of the ring represents eternity.Therefore, wedding rings symbolizes a union that is to last forever. It was once thought that a vein or nerve ran directly from the ring finger of the left hand to the heart ( conjoin Traditions 2008). The objective of this paper is to review wedding rituals and traditions being practiced by people across cultures. More specifically, we pull up stakes look into the rich and unique wedding practices observed by the Filipinos, Chinese and Hindus. Moreover, we leave study the significance of each wedding ritual for every culture and why it is part of their tradition.Body of the Paper A wedding ceremony is far-famed in recognition of the union or so-called marriage of two people. It may be performed by either a highly-respected religious elder or a government-sanctioned officiator. Marriage more often than not creates commitment between the individuals entangled and withal with their extended families in most cases. Throughout history, and even today, families arrange marriages for bring togethers. The people involved didnt and dont have much to say about the decision. Most partner offs didnt marry because they were in love but for economic contact.People marry for various reasonsit may be one of the following public declaration of love, wants to gain legal, social and economic stability, formation of a family unit or legitimizing sexual relations. Some marriages involved a bride price wherein the aim or his family go out give money or a present to the brides family some required dowry where the brides family will be the one to offer money and gifts to the civilizes family, few had underwent some sort of dating or suit for some duration, but most of us are generally accustomed to our own traditions (Wedding Traditions 2008).In this paper, seven wedding rituals across d ifferent cultures will be discussed. Egyptian, Korean, Lebanese and Libyan wedding traditions will be reviewed. Specifically, the Filipino, Chinese and Hindu wedding rituals will be studied in details and will be compared. Weddings in Egypt are huge family events irregardless of their social status. Even in this generation, some of them serene hold the significance of customs and symbols to the celebration. Al-zaffah is a slow feeler performed by the couples family and friends. It is accompanies by music until they reach the reception hall.Also, the henna party called laylat al-hinna is still an important tradition to them. Egyptian weddings are storeyed with a strength that comes from the respect of family bonds. Like other couples, they also wish for a happy married life. In Korean wedding ceremonies, wild geese is apply as a symbol of faithfulness. The raiments father will throw red dates at the bride for fertility and good luck. In addition to that, cotton plant seeds, red beans and salt are thrown by their neighbors to drive evil booze away. Three days after the wedding, the bride will be sent to the line ups house.There, the bride past crosses a sack of grain and burnt straw to wish for a good harvest. In Lebanese weddings, roses are generally used. The bride then wears bangles and tiara on the wedding day. The new couple will serve ghoraibi to their guests as a symbol of the brides purity. Their weddings are inspired by rose petal shaped chocolates and blank butter cookies. Libyan weddings ceremonies are Islamic in nature and is generally presided by an imam. At the brides house days out front the actual wedding ceremony and reception, the marriage contract is already being signed. At the reception, the couple doesnt eat with their guest.Rice and candy are showered on the bride. a. Filipino Marriage Gone are the days of arranged marriage (kasunduan) and shotgun marriage (pikot) where individuals, the bride and the decorate, had no choice bu t to obey and comply with their elicits wishes of them getting married. However, the Filipino style of courtship (ligawan) and suitors serenade (harana) have been lost over the years, too. These so-called traditional courtship styles have been reduced to dating. SMS messages and emails are means of communication of single men and women in todays generation, and Filipinos have their way of adapting to these changes.though these rituals have vanished as time passes by, engagements and wedding practices are still pretty much the equivalent. Despite these revolutionizations, the essence of marriage remains in Filipinosthat is having the purest and sincerest intentions, respect for the elders and spiritual devotion. a. 1 Filipino Wedding customs duty In early times, Filipino groom-to-be threw his spear at the front steps of his future(a) home, which is said to be a sign that the bride has been communicate for. Nowadays, a ring is used as a symbol of engagement. a. 2 The EngagementPa manhikan is an activity done by Filipino families where the groom and his parents visit the brides family to ask for her in marriage. In this event, wedding plans are included in the said activity participated by both families. The plan includes the discussion of guest magnetic dip and wedding budget. Usually, the groom-to-be is seen to run some errands around the brides house. Paninilbihan is the tradition where the groom-to-be renders service to his future wifes family to gain their approval (Celeste, T. 1997). a. 3 The Ceremony The wedding ceremony lasted for three days during the pre-colonial days.On the first day the couple was brought to the house of babaylan (priest) and will join hands over a plate of raw rice and give blessings to the couple. The priest will then prick the chest of both the bride and groom and draw a little kin on the third day. They then will join hands and proclaim their love for each other three times. The couple will be federal official with cooked r ice by the priest on the same plate and will give them a drink with some of their blood mixed with water. Binding the couples necks and hands with a cord, the priest will then declare them married.Today, most Filipino weddings are performed as Catholic weddings though some infixed ritual still remains. Sponsors are special people chosen by the couple to act as their witnesses. Thy can be godparent, counselors or relatives. Secondary sponsors will take charge to some special parts of the wedding ceremony such(prenominal) as the candle, cord and veil ceremonies. Lighting the candle symbolizes the joining of two families and representing Jesus Christ as the light of their married life. Placing the veil over the brides head and grooms shoulder symbolizes that the two individuals are get together or unified.The cord, which is made of a decorative silk cord called yugal, in a form of figure eight, is placed in the couples shoulders symbolizes everlasting fidelity among the bride and gr oom. Arrhae or 13 coins which are blessed by the priest is given by the groom to his bride as a sign of his commitment, dedication to his wife and future childrens welfare (Filipinafiancevisa. com 2001). b. Chinese Marriage Chinese wedding is a ceremonial rite within Chinese folks wherein marriage is established by pre-arrangement between families. In short, the spouse-to-be of sons and daughters in Chinese families are determined by their parents.Within the Chinese culture, romantic love is prohibited and a monogamous relationship is common among citizens. Between 402-221 B. B. , Chinese marriage started to become a custom. Though the country mainland China has many geographical as and is filled with extended history, generally there are six rituals to be followed, known as the three letters (request letter, gift letter and wedding letter) and six etiquette (proposal, have gotdates, bride price, wedding gifts, arranging the wedding and wedding ceremony). Before modern age, women a nd not allowed to choose the person they will spend the rest of their lives with.Marriages were chosen based upon the needs of reproduction and honor as well as the needs of the husband and father-to-be (The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project 2001). b. 1 Chinese Wedding Customs Ancient Chinese believes in destiny. In prehistoric times, the gods tie a red string around the ankles of a man and a woman who will be a couple in the future. The Chinese tradition of determining their destiny is through their parents. The parents of the groom will write the brides eight characters which her year month, day and hour of birth and will then be placed in their family altar.After three days and nothing unfortunate happened in the family, it is a sign that the match is approved. The same ritual is performed by the brides family. If the match is granted, the celebration begins (About. Com 2008). b. 2 The Engagement Twelve gifts were exchanged by both parties to seal the couples marriage agree ment. Chopsticks are famous engagement gift symbolizing the wish for sons. Usually, the family of the groom sends a whole roast pig to the brides house. In olden times, the brides family will send back the pigs head and hind portion showing that everything has a beginning and an end.The wedding announcement in China is done by the groom providing special cakes to the brides family for it to be sent to family and friends. b. 3 The Ceremony Firecrackers are used to drive away evil spirits and are exculpated upon the arrival of the bride to the wedding ceremony. In a traditional Chinese wedding vow, the couple will kneel before an altar with offerings such as roast pig, ducks and chickens decorated with red candles. With cups tied with red strings, the bride and the groom will then sip wine as a sign of their vow. They will then cross their arms, exchange cups and drink again.The sharing of wine symbolizes the harmony of their married life together. After the event, the bride will ser ve a cup of loving tea to each member of the grooms family (The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project 2001). c. Hindu Wedding Sanskit is the language used for most holy Hindu ceremonies. One of which is the Hindu wedding. Traditionally, Hindu weddings are conducted in this language, thought not always. They have many wedding rituals that have evolved over the years and are different in many ways from the modern western wedding ceremony.The Hindu marriage ceremonies vary in different regions and according to family traditions. The Hindus give a lot of emphasis and significance to marriages and the ceremonies are very colorful and extend for several days. However, modern Hindu weddings are much shorter and do not involve the traditional ceremony that lasted for days. Also, some of their rituals are being altered. Instead, ceremonies are chosen by the couples family depending in their family tradition and class. Therefore, ceremonies differ among various pagan groups that practice Hinduism.Generally, the wedding is conducted under a canopy with four pillars and a sacred fire in the middle of the altar which serves as the witness of the ceremony (National Association of Wedding Ministers 2008). c. 1 Hindu Wedding Customs In Old Hindu wedding ceremonies, the whole family participates in the ceremony, from nephews and nieces to the couples siblings. Moreover, the mothers of the groom and the bride play a special part of the entire celebration. c. 2 The Engagement The priest visits the brides home to recite reading and prayers so as to bless the wedding a few days before the formal wedding ceremony.On the evening before the wedding the groom will come over to the brides house and the brides family will welcome them with a small ceremony. Sometimes, the brides mother will be offering a gift to the grooms mother. During this activity, the couple is not allowed to meet. If they see each other, it is believed that it will bring bad luck to their marriage (National A ssociation of Wedding Ministers 2008). c. 3 The Ceremony The bride is escorted to the canopy by her maternal uncle. On the other hand, the groom is accompanied by the best man and a young girl whose role is to keep him bouncing by shaking a metal pot filled with coins.The entire ceremony is divided into three parts. The Kanyadaan is the first part where the brides parents will subspecies the couples feet with milk and water to cleanse and purify them for a new life together. The Hastamelap or known as the joining of the hands, the couples hand are joined together. The priest will then chant some verses in their holy scripture then a loop pf white raw cotton will be placed around the couples shoulders to symbolize their bond. A small open fire is lit in the center of the place. The brides male relatives will be called to lead the couple to walk around the fire.The number of times that they will walk around the fire will depend on the village they came from. In the southern state of Kerala, couples walk around coconut blossoms instead of a fire. In the couples hands are grains of rice, oats and leaves which symbolizes the blessings of good health, prosperity, happiness and wealth. At the end of the ceremony, rose petals are sprinkled to the couple to ward off evil spirits by the grooms brothers. When the entire ceremony is over, the bride will feed her groom with mouthful of Indian sweets to show her responsibility to cook and take care of him and their children.In turn, the groom does the same act to show that he will provide her needs as well as for their future family. After the rituals, the relatives are invited under the canopy to place red dots in the couples foreheads and sprinkle them with rice grains to wish for a long, happy and prosperous knowledge together (Triveni Wedding card 2007). Discussion Marriage has been a very significant event among men and women. It symbolizes the union of two souls as well as recognition of the bonding of individuals in the presence of a minister or a government-sanctioned officer.In addition to this, wedding rituals have made cultures across nations rich and unique. These rituals exemplify their beliefs and lifestyles which explains some mental theories. This paper primarily focuses on wedding rituals of Filipinos, Chinese and Hindus. The Egyptian, Lebanese, Libyan and Korean wedding styles and traditions were also reviewed. They differ in a way that is shows or portrays their traditions, barely everyone has a common goal and that is to present how two individuals are joined and unified.That is, the need to express and acknowledge the joining of two souls, in the eyes of matinee idol or a government officiator for the recognition to be legalized. Filipino rituals only show how Filipinos value and respect their familys approval for their soon-to-be spouse and that spiritual neaten is important as a commitment and devotion to ones lifetime partner. Valuing family ties can be observed to all F ilipinos. Moreover, this concept can be seen in Filipinos way of livingthat they are still attached to their own families though they already have a family of their own.Chinese, on the other hand, believes in destiny and marriage is pre-determined. Their practices and beliefs show the Chinese way of living. Chinese nowadays are known to bloom in the business field, and from what was discussed in this paper, their marriage also depends on ones economic stability. In addition to that, their rituals show the wealth of every Chinese family showing their capability to build and amaze a family. Lastly, the rituals of the Hindus show more of their spirituality. Driving evil spirits and wishing for happiness, wealth, prosperity and good health are some of the elements significant in the ceremony.Their ceremonies are usually colorful which indicates their lifestyle. Also, since family members and relatives play an important role in the festivity, it shows how significant family togetherness is to them. Having seen and discovered various rituals from different cultures, it clearly illustrates the diversity of peoples beliefs and traditions. It appears that every ritual and practices observed in different nations shows a historical, spiritual and psychological background that explains their lifestyles.Historical in the sense that these practices are drawn from their ancestors and are still practiced nowadays. Spiritual, because they honor and ask blessings from the gods that were introduced in their culture. Moreover, these rituals have specific meaning that will result to spiritual empowerment for the married couple. And lastly psychological, because there are certain reasons why people get married depending on their background and culture, how they choose the person to marry and the effect of their marriage in their future together.In my own point of view, further studies should be recommended for more explicit explanations of reviewed traditions and practices. In add ition to that, results or outcomes should be recorded to analyze the accuracy of certain rituals that are observed. This may be helpful for further developing traditions as to giving more fruitful effects to couples who are soon to be married. In this case, comparing will be avoided to whether what culture is more rich and meaningful rather respect for every cultures belief will be promoted.Though such recommendations may seem tedious as to disrespectfully changing ones belief and modifying a certain culture, acquiring these ideas may also help elevate peoples lifestyle as well as establishing a more logical and significant culture. References About. Com 2008. Chinese Marriage since mid-fifties Retrieved on prove 14, 2008 from http//chineseculture. about. com/library/weekly/aa112200a. htm Celeste, T. 1997. Filipino Wedding Rites. Retrieved on establish 14, 2008 from http//www. snoopydude. com/wedding/filipinowedding. htm Down, J. 2002. Chinese Wedding.Retrieved on March 17, 2008 from Newsfinder 2002, Culture Section. Ehow. com 2008. Wedding Customs and Traditions. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. ehow. com/information_1329-wedding-traditions-customs. hypertext markup language? ref=fuel Filipinafiancevisa. com 2001. Filipino Wedding Traditions. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. filipinafianceevisa. com/FilipinoWedding. htm Finch, P. 2007A Filipino Wedding What To Expect Retrieved March 17, 2008, from http//ezinearticles. com/? A-Filipino-WeddingWhat-To-Expect&id=821770 Huanxing Q. and Zhongmin L. 1999 Unique Chinese Customs in Huian,Fujian Province Retrieved on March 17, 2008 from Xindeco Business Information Company Kasal. com 2006. Despedida De Soltera. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. kasal. com/html/rr/fili/fili5. html Morgan, P. J. Weddings in Egypt. Retrieved on March 17, 2008 from Saudi Aramco World, pages 34-39 National Association of Wedding Ministers 2008. Hindu Wedding Ceremony. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from htt p//www. aweddingministers. com/ceremonial_mat/hindu_wedding. htm Persian cultures 2007. Wedding in different culture. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. coxformat. co.uk/images/_backup/wedding-in-different-culture. html The Chinese Historical and Cultural Project 2001. Chinese Wedding Traditions. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. chcp. org/wedding. html Triveni Wedding Cards 2007. Hindu Wedding Ceremony. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. weddingcardshoppe. com/Hindu_Wedding_Ceremony. htm Wedding Traditions 2008. Wedding Traditions and Folklore. Retrieved on March 14, 2008 from http//www. vfwpost1503. org/wedding_traditions. htm Xing Q. H and Zhongmin 1998 Lu Wedding Customs Northern Shanxii Retrieved on March 17, 2008 from Folk Customs of China

Friday, May 24, 2019

How is Lady Macbeth an important and memorable character in Macbeth? Essay

Lady Macbeth is an important and memorable character in Macbeth because she sets up the story by persuading Macbeth to kill Duncan. She also is memorable because she intimately carrys Macbeth at the start of the play which is unusual in the time of the play, as women usually didnt behave much say in relationships. Her role in the play also highlights Macbeths loneliness without her.Lady Macbeth is the catalyst for her husbands downfall, as she pushes him to kill King Duncan. She tells him to, look like th ingenuous flower besides be the serpent under it. Talking about Duncan she also says, O never shall sun morrow see. She also hints he is not a man unless he kills Duncan (this is a recurring theme in the play), When you durst do it, then you were a man. This also shows she represents evil at the start of the play she plays on his ambition and drives him to become a murderer.Lady Macbeth represents evil at the start of the play, this is highlighted when she says, Fill metopfull o f direst cruelty and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell. She also would have affright the audience at the time because she and the witches were controlling a powerful man. She also comes across as wanting to be more masculine when she says, unsex me present and come to my womans breasts and take my milk for gall (bile). She also repeats the word come as if she is summoning evil spirits in her talk in act 1 characterisation 5 such as when she remarks, Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts. This speech go fors the audience relate her to the witches because she is so evil.Later in the play, Lady Macbeth starts to echo her husbands reaction to the murder of Duncan. The main example of this is the symbol of hand washing, in act 2 scene 2 Macbeth says, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood from my hands? No this my hand will rather the unnumerable seas incarnadine. Then in act 5 scene 1 Lady Macbeth remarks, Heres the smell of the blood still all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. This scene also shows she realises what she pushed her husband to do has turned him into a murderer, The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now?Macbeth sees life as a pointless date of days after Lady Macbeth commits suicide in act 5 scene 5. This is shown in his speech in that scene where he announces It (life) is a tommyrot told by an idiot full of sound and fury, signifying nothing, Also, All our yesterdays have lighted fools the way to dusty death, and Out, out brief candle. This shows that Macbeth sees no point or wariness in his life without Lady Macbeth.Lady Macbeth realises that killing the King hasnt brought them the joy they thought it would. This is summed up when Lady Macbeth says, Noughts had, alls spent, and when she says, Tis safer to be that which we destroy, in act 3 scene 2. This shows us her regret of pushing her husband to kill the King as they have gained nothing and envy to be him. These things drive her to her madness, as she realises what they have done has sealed their fate. This is an echo of what her husband says in this scene, full of scorpions is my mind, After lifes fitful fever, he (Duncan) sleeps well.Lady Macbeth appears to be the stronger person in the aftermath of the murder of Duncan and rubbishes Macbeths guilt and regret, she remarks Infirm of purpose My hands are of your colour, but I shame to wear a heart so white, A foolish thing to say a sorry sight, and These deeds must not be thought after these ways so, it will make us mad. The last of these quotes is ironic as when she does think back on it later in the play she goes mad herself This reiterates the fact that she wants to be in control of him, and this would have been scary for people of Shakespearian time for men were far superior to women, especially Kings.Lady Macbeth still believes Macbeth is weaker than her up to act 3 scene 4 where she says are you a man? when he sees the ghost of Banquo. She then questions his manhood again by saying, A womans story at a winters fire authorizd by her grandma. Shame itself and What, quite unmannd in folly? This is a recurring theme of the play, but in the end they both end up dead cowards anyway.To conclude, Lady Macbeth is probably the most important character in the play as in that location would be no storyline if she hadnt pushed Macbeth to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeths control over him is lost in act 4 and Macbeth then lives off the witches apparitions, and becomes crazier as she does. Lady Macbeth and the witches play on his ambition and ego and eventually bring him down to his inevitable death at the end of the play.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Maureen Frye Essay

Marureen Frye made numerous erroneousnesss in trying to implement her be after, a plan that was going to directly affect the salespeople of Quaker Steel Company as well as the District Sales Managers (DSMs), among other departments in the company. Her major mistake was sending a short-descriptive memo to the sales representatives. Why was this a major mistake? For one, Frye is trying to change the way the sales people allocate their eon between big and small accounts, and yet she has not spend enough time in the field and with these salespeople. Although her simulations to optimize sales efforts might be correct, they ar based on cold numbers and computations, sitting behind a computer, without taking into account the human factor that goes into those sales efforts. She does not have a feel for how they operate, where does their current success come from, what do they think and feel about how they are doing their job, and above what do they think it can be improved. non only did F rye ignore the salespeople but she did not make good use of the relationship she thought she had with the DSMs. In fact, she had discussed her project with the Chicago DSM and he had seems to like to idea, with indicates that if more effort was put to introducing her plan to the other DSMs, using her good relationships with them, they could possibly perceive the idea well too idea of using the middle man. If she had no time to spend on the field and get to know the salespeople better, she made the mistake of not taking advantage of the relationship between the DSMs and the salespeople.Due to the vertical level of the DSMs, she is probably closer to them. As it is mentioned in the article, the DSMs leave a lot of free space to the salespeople which means that they are used to making their induce decisions. This fact shows that the DSMs and the Salespeople have a special communication to understating each-other and to get the work done well. Thus, if a new project ineluctably to b e implemented, the DSMs are the about probable people to get through the salespeople and having them on board about this project is significantly important. This powerful link should have been taken advantage by Frye.Not having considered the above-mentioned steps, thus working in person with the salespeople or/and lobbying with the DSMs, Frye should have at least used the power of her superiors, Israel and Bethancourt, not only byapproving it but also as means of enforcement. For example, have them sign the memo she sent or give a direct order to the DSMs for its application. However, needs to be emphasized that this solution used on its own, is a last resort one just because she didnt make use of the other plectrums. This option would definitely be interpreted as a scare tactic, however it might have worked. As a manager or as the drawing card of her project, Frye first needs to find the authority from within and then also use the power given to her from her bosses. This option could be best used in collaboration with the previous options.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Prostitution of Children and Child Prostitutes

PROSTITUTION Prostitution is defined as the spot, practice or profession of offer the body for sexual relations for m acey. (New Websters Dictionary 1995802). The Encyclopedia Americana (1997) defined harlotry as the performance of sexual acts with an early(a) person in restoration for the payment of a fee. infant prostitution is therefore, prostitution embarked upon by infantren who are below the age of 18 and are supposed to be catered for by their parents.It is normally acknowledged that acts of prostitution are performed by women for men nevertheless occasions arise when the acts are done by men for men. The context of this work portion outs peculiarly with female minor prostitution. UNICEF considers child prostitutes as young little girls in sex trade, who are between the age bracket of 8 and 16. (Jubilee Action Report 1995). In the Nigerian milieu, prostitutes below the age of 18 are regarded as child prostitutes, since precisely persons above 18 years of age are sta tutorily regarded as adults.Child prostitution is the sexual exploitation of girls and teenagers ( elicit February 8, 20036). Available data show that approximately 1. 5million children in India, 1 million in Asia, 100,00 children in United States and 500 children in Latin America are engaged in prostitution (Healy, 199535). Awake (February 8,20032) reported,there were ab pop out 300,000 child prostitutes on the avenues, in another land where medicine trafficking flourishes. According to Jubilee Action report (199510), up to 1 million female children join prostitution each year around the globe.However, the clandestine nature of child prostitution makes it impossible to calculate the exact do of working prostitutes, nonetheless the International Labour Organization (ILO) analysis (1993-1994), estimates that between 0. 25% and 1. 5% of the aggregate female population are engaged in this trade. Globally, child prostitution is illegal and it is also regarded as a barbarous crime, y et it persists. Why? Child prostitution does not just happen. It is caused by a variety of factors slightly are perpetrated by the prostitutes themselves, while other factors are external to the prostitutes themselves.This is really a growing problem in developed world and developing world akin Nigeria (Quintanilla, 199720). CAUSES OF CHILD PROSTITUTION IN Owerri Municipal Council 1. Misery and POVERTY scantness is the most common reason why most families sell the services of their female children to augment their income in smart set to buy food or vestments and other necessities of life. (Janssen, 200110). The case of child labour is a typical factor that exposes children to prostitution. The hired female children are sent out to hawk food items on the streets, motor parks, and mechanic garages thereby exposing them to rapes as well as sexual harassment s.Barnes H. C. (195995) discover that some females take to prostitution due to sheer destitution. Awake (February 8,20035) reported that some street children resort to prostitution because they see it as their only sum of survival. The Awake further related an experience of a bring of 14-year-old girl who lured her daughter into this ignominious trade. The charr said about her daughter, she was beautiful and that men would like her very much. Besides, she would earn a lot of money. In the evenings, the woman takes her daughter to a motel where they make contacts.The mother stays nearby to receive the payments. Each night, this girl has sex with three or four men. 2. UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment of either the parents or the child results in unreliable source of income thereby forcing children into prostitution as an alternative means of income to support the family. Ironically, the International Labour Organization observes that a childs ability to earn money is limited. It is estimated that the money earned by the child only contributes to approximately 10% of the familys overall income and therefore h as minimum effect on the familys monetary gain (Dimenstein, 199412).Due to high degree of unemployment, the whorehouses employ some female children who serve in their drinking spots to publicise their business. 3. HUMANS TRAFFICKING Human trafficking is another evil leading(p) to child prostitution. Human trafficking which represent the worlds third largest criminal activity following only after drug and weapons trafficking is sometimes purported to send teenagers to other countries to work. These would-be workers who sometimes end up prostitutes actually work and repatriate money to their respective seat countries (Awake, February 8, 2003 5).Many times, hard times hit these fellows as they are deported to come and continue this profession at home. Some of the female prostitutes come home to take some younger females to their places either to help them or to make them their servants and at the long run they get converted to prostitution, which is their boss profession. 4. DECEP TION ENCOURAGES PROSTITUTION Pimps or brothel owners deceive some parents by paying them money and assuring to enlist their children in their domestic services, which later turns to be prostitution.These brothel owners who are termed the girls owners take control of the childs activities. Moreover, these owners do everything possible to retain these girls who earn money for them to maintain their lavish lifestyle (Robinson, 200150) and (Dimenstein 199410). Apart from the pimps, other intermediaries who benefit from child prostitution do anything possible to see the act continued. Most females are led into this act of prostitution by their masters.Some of them could be anaesthetized by their masters in order to create fun with them and when eventually the woman of the house gets to know about the act she will be thrown out side to continue the act with other men including the master. 5. DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY ENVIRONMENT PROMOTES PROSTITUTION Children of broken homes sleep wherever th ey see space to do so in the day, and go to the disco and nightclubs in the night. Ekejiuba I. K. (199613) discovered that ill treatment of children at home might make them to take to the street in order to find solace.Then the end result may be the hawking of their body to support themselves. 6 POOR EDUCATION Some children cannot support themselves materially in view of low educational training they received, so they resort to prostitution as their only profession (Rodriguez- Garcia, 199955). Girl-child Education Initiative In Africa (January 200320) highlights the effect of short(p) education in the whole of Africa. In connection with poor education, peer pressure, bad association The causes and effects of child prostitution in Owerri Municipal Council and street ganging contribute to child prostitution.Identifiably, a girl may end up as a prostitute by her association, peer pressure and by runnel with a street gang (Okebugwu, 198925) Adetore, (197460) Oti (198415) and Daily Tim es ( May 15,199912). 7. AIDS SCARE PROMOTES CHILD PROSTITUTION The high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS make customers of prostitutes to look for children who are considered to be of low risk, and most probably virgins (Robinson, 200113). Patrons of child prostitutes are willing to pay a great deal of money to be a girls first client.In the streets, brothels and drinking spots these days a lot of female children are being busy to help lure more male customers to their spots. Places like Amaram by Tetlow Road and some places in Onyeche Street in Owerri have a high number of female child prostitutes who are employed only to facilitate their business. This is because there is the fear that other older female prostitutes in the same profession could have various STDs. 8. DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION ARE PRO-CHILD PROSTITUTIONThe influence of drugs can subject a child to prostitution and to certain indignifying acts of prostitution which she may differently never agree to given her sound mind (Lewis 198070) and Udechi (198715). 9. REBELLION AND FEELING OF INDEPENDENCE This is another factor promoting child prostitutions. Some girls are shamelessly bold. What is more, they rule that the body is theirs thus they should decide what to do with their body. (Bennet, G and Robert, P. 1985207). 10. PORNOGRAPHY AGGRAVATES CHILD PROSTITUTION Pornography also puts viewers at increased risk for developing sexually deviant tendencies. Awake July 22, 20037). Pornography is identified as promoting the rape myth which is a belief that women cause and enjoy rape. Additionally, the repeated use of dirty word interferes with the ability to enjoy and participate in normal marital intimacy. Dr. Victor Cline, who specializes in treating sex addiction claims that deviant sexual acts results when a viewer tries to act out the pornography-based fantasies. 11. Incestuous violation and rape in homes as a factor Some youths were raped in their own homes, which act changed their outlook in life.Some of such ones give vent to prostitution. Two other closely related causes of prostitution are glamor associated with it and insatiable sexual urges in some females. Blag(197668) observed that some prostitutes take to this lifestyle because of their innate desire for glamour or that they want to maintain a standard of life, which is impossible by ordinary means of earning, a life reminiscent of Greek aether. On the other hand, Ekejiuba(199614) identified other females, nymphomaniacs, who engage in prostitution for the sake of fun or delectation they derive from it. 2 SUDDEN EXPOSURE Furthermore, illicit love affairs in the presence of children may subject them to early prostitution. Some parents perform unneeded marital affairs in the presence of their wards. This exposes the children to early sex life. The premature death of one or both of the parents has also been discovered as one of the causes of child prostitution. Because of the chasm created by suc h loss, a teenage girl may be fraught with the onerous task of catering for herself and other family members. More importantly, no one may exist to give stern guideline on her.One Owerri girl who returned from Kumasi Ghana claimed that her father died when she was eight years. This demise of his father left her with the certificate of indebtedness of catering for her younger siblings and her mother who hails from Kumasi, Ghana. These challenges make her to dabble into prostitution. Child prostitution is not without its consequences, some of which are seemingly pardonable, whereas others are taboo at untainted mention of them. High patronage of child prostitutes by wealthy men is another factor that has caused and sustained child prostitution ( Ekejiuba 1996 13).Some teenage girls find it effortful to resist the temptation of prostitution because of huge sum of money they receive there-from. This accounts for why some IMSU, Alvan and FUTO ladies readily avail themselves for this b usiness. Marxist oriented scholars see prostitution as an outgrowth of capitalism. Many of these see the gradual removal of subsidy from petroleum, which is the main balance of Nigerian economy as exposing many persons to difficulty and leading to sexual promiscuity.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Tree Paper

Which is the correct symbol for the stalling speed or the minimum strong flight speed in a specified configuration? C) VS. Longitudinal dynamic instability in an airplane can be Identified by B) pitch oscillations becoming progressively steeper True course measurements on a Sectional Aeronautical Chart should be made at a meridian near the midpoint of the course because thee C) angles formed by lines of longitude and the course line vary from point to point. Regulations which refer to operate relate to that person who C) causes the aircraft to be used or authorizes Its useTo act as pilot In command of an aircraft operated under(a) 14 CUFF part 91, a commercial pilot moldiness have satisfactorily accomplished a flight review or completed a proficiency check within the preceding C) 24 months to each one required flight crewmen is required to keep his or her shoulder harness fastened A) during takeoff and landing, unless he or she is unable to perform required duties To ontogenesis the rate of turn and at the same time decrease the radius, a pilot should A) increase the bank and decrease airspeed. Dashed lines on a draw near Analysis Chart, if depicted, indicate that the pressure gradient is B) weak.One of the most dangerous features of mountain waves is the turbulent areas in and C) below rotor clouds. abide Advisory Broadcasts, including Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWE), Convective Signets, and Signets, are provided by C) Arts on all frequencies, except emergency, when any part of the area described Is within 150 miles of the airspace under their Jurisdiction. Which Is the best technique for maligning the wing-load factor when flying In severe turbulence? C) Set power and trim to obtain an airspeed at or below maneuvering speed, hold in wings level, and accept variations of airspeed and altitude.The reason for variations in geometric pitch (twisting) along a propeller blade is that flight. What does good cockpit stress management begin with? A) not b ad(predicate) life stress management The conditions most favorable to wave formation over mountainous areas are a layer of C) stable air at mountaintop altitude and a wind of at least 20 knots blowing across the ridge.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Universal Brotherhood

theosophical Siftings widely distri scarceed sexual union Vol 2, No 5 Universal associatehood by Alexander Fullerton A paper read before the Aryan T. S. of New York, by Alexander Fullerton published by the Theosophical Publishing Services, Duke Street, Adelphi 1889. Reprinted from Theosophical Siftings Volume 2 The Theosophical Publishing Society, England THE term Universal conglutination is obviously an extension to the total human family of the idea in the word associate, a child of the analogous p arnts as is championself.It suggests at once the thought of fitted ripes, putting surface interests, mutual affection, and antiphonal c be. Moreover, it incites an exhilarating conception of what might be the state of things through step forward the earth if family centre were the lawfulness of e real life, if race and tribal animosities were ended, and if e actu all(prenominal)yone felt a wrong perpetrated on a foreigner as keenly as if perpetrated on a relation. This is the true view of human solidarity, and a vivid apprehension of it would get rid of national wars, social outrages, and personal injustice.Its unlimited influence in securing peace and good- depart was seen by the founders of the Theosophical Society, and they proclaimed it as the very first of their and its aims, non as a gracious sentiment, non as a pleasing phrase, but as a rule of action, a means of social regeneration. If we did non hope in it, there would be no Aryan society, there would be no meeting tonight. And in so far the very occurrence that it is a principle and non a sentiment warrants some examination into its nature.If a principle, it must(prenominal) render a root, must sustain analogy to other principles, must be sure-footed of practical uses, and also must be subject to limitations and just restrictions. As the term Universal Brotherhood is derivative, we whitethorn properly look for these in the primary, and thus infer facts as to the universal h uman family from facts in the house servant families which epitomize it. Now, when we have it away to search for that which constitutes the cohesive influence in a family, we shall find it, I think, to be none other than that which constitutes cohesive influence some(prenominal)where else affinity. It cig atomic number 18tnot be the mere fact of relationship.That is all in all casual. We do not select our relations, any to a greater extent than we select our temperament. Nor can it be the closeness of association. That is quite an as promising to arouse hostility as friendship and, indeed, the peculiar bitterness of family quarrels is proverbial. Nor can it be the consciousness of joint parentage, for the parents may be distasteful and anything but a source of harmony. Nor can it be the likeness of disposition, for the dissimilarity of traits in children is notorious. Nor is it any necessary oneness of interest, for Page 4 interests in a household are very apt to be conflic ting and to excite animosity.Nor need it be an instinct of union against aggressors, for that would however operate in barbarous communities or those under feudal laws. But if it is no one of these things, what is it ? Here, again, we must peer into actual families and so learn. Our consume observation will show us that, where the family tie is very strong, it is where the members have the same tastes, ideas, pursuits, aims. Where the family tie is loose, it is where the members have variant convictions, differ in likes and habits, hold to separate standards of faith or duty. Where certain Page 1 Theosophical Siftings Universal BrotherhoodVol 2, No 5 members are in one group and certain others in a second, it is seen that in each case some common humanity in opinion, taste, what not cements the units. And where, as is not infrequently the case, some one member is inappropriate the rest, and finds his associates wholly without the domestic circle, it is because the family char acter is not his, and his social wants must be met elsewhere. in that respect is no arcanum in any of this it is all an illustration of the seduceings of affinity. And affinity, as every Occult student insists, is like every other force, far stronger in the immaterial regions of mind and oul than on the material plane of skeletal frame and blood. In other words, the attraction among two sympathetic souls is incomparably more powerful than that between two bodies which happen to have had the same parents. But what, still further, is the ground-work for this affinity ? Analyzing affinities, we find that all such(prenominal) as are purely selfish or distinctly bad in quality can be but transient. That rogues will sooner or later fall out is a maxim, but it is no less true that associations for self-interest are fragile just in the degree that each party feels his have interest to be supreme.Conversely, the enduring ties are those between men of finer mould, where principle has rec ognition and force, where high sentiments of justice and generosity rule, where, in short, egoism is subordinated to altruism. The unity subsisting between the sympathetic members of a household must have its root in such qualities, or it will not exit long. The except security for the continuance of affinities is, therefore, in the goodness of each party. If these are the facts in a domestic circle, they must be the facts in the universal human family, the Brotherhood of which Theosophy speaks. Affinity determines the coherence of its particles.We do not expect the sage to consort with the fool, the intelligent to delight in the stupid, the broad minded to sympathize with the petty, the neat with the rough, the generous with the mean, the tactful with the blundering, the cheery with the gruntling Mrs. Gummidges, the high principled with the low principled. Like naturally, and very properly, seeks like. The mere fact that two men each possess a human nature is not of itself a ver y strong bond, for they may not agree as to what constitutes human nature, or as to its really priceless qualities, or as to the aim of existence or how it is to be pursued.The affinity, and therefore the attraction, begins where a similar opinion, taste, desire, strength manifests itself, when, as we say, they have Page 5 something in common. There must be somewhat of interest in a person, or he will not be interesting. So also, in the human brother as in the family brother, the duration of the attraction depends upon the goodness of it. There is every variety of cohesion, from the slight and transeunt relations on the lowest planes of life to the lofty intimacies of distinguished souls, such as are immortalized by history in the case of Damon and Pythias, and by sacred writings in the case of Jesus and St.John may I not add the case of those two exalted beings whom Theosophists revere as the unseen prompters of their own Society, but whose names they do not lightly voice? Let it be understood close to unflinchingly that Theosophy demands from each man to all men equal rights, perpetual courtesy, respect for feelings, kindly consideration, unstinting justice, do help, unselfish effort. One unerring test of the Theosophic spirit is its persistency in according all these things.It is eer the case, however, that the sentiment has to be bridled by reason, and the history of all philanthropic efforts shows that they are futile, if not injurious, where they defy considerations of equal reality, or ignore laws which are just as demonstrable as sympathies. Theosophy would be unique in human experience if it ran no such risks, or if it were always presented with the cool and balanced judgment of well-trained thinkers. Those of you who are au courant with Theosophical writings know how constantly the faculty of discrimination must be unploughed in use, and with what care one has to guard against Page 2Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 d efective argument, or extreme positions, or one-sided statements. The doctrine of Universal Brotherhood is particularly an illustration, for it is a noble thought in itself, it inspires rich pictures of future possibilities, and it holds just the sentiment which to a half-thinker appears unlimited in its scope. Hence, we encounter representations of it sometimes effusive, sometimes dogmatic, sometimes extravagant, very rarely such as are judicious and impartial.Now, in a general way, it may be said that no theory can be position which of necessity contravenes any laws or facts clearly demonstrated. While the doctrine of Universal Brotherhood may be true, any particular exposition of its use is but a theory, and, as such, is subject to this criterion. We know for font that justice, truth, the welfare of society, the operation of certain habits in social life, the superiority of principle to impulse, are facts, and that it is a law that they cannot be disregarded without harm. Any plan purporting to disregard them and yet void the harm traverses this law, and so, whatever plausibleness it may wear is really fallacious. A true theory of Universal Brotherhood, one which takes in these and cognates facts and laws, has cipher to fear when confronted with them. But it is in that confronting, that the error of a mistaken theory is brought to view, and, as there is no religion higher than truth, we Theosophists should rejoice in any process which discloses illusion or confirms reality. Page 6 Let us take an illustration. We not infrequently meet the assertion that, because all men are brothers, tenderness is the plainly fitting treatment for them.This assumes seven things ( 1) that all kinds of conduct are entitled to one kind of hand (2) that the same result is produced on unlike characters by a like treatment (3) that the cultivation of a sense of justice is to be reserved for public officials, and has no place in private increment (4) that no collateral evils result from unmerited sympathy (5) that we are wiser than Nature as she shows herself in her constant operations ( 6) that a one-sided culture is better than such as is symmetrical ( 7) that a common nature in the lower human principles is more important than a common interest in the higher.Not one of these things is true. It is not the fact that the moral sense views all acts as of equal moral quality, and then it cannot be the fact that it accords to them a like reward. It is not the fact that diverse natures respond in the same way to the same treatment, as every schoolhouse and every family can testify.It is not the fact that only judges are to cultivate and exhibit a sense of justice, for that sense which is, indeed, the almost abstract of all, the most difficult to attain, and the one indicative of the finest training is precisely the one most effective in restraining aggression, and curiously to be evolved in the interior development of every intelligent disciple. It is not the fact that indiscriminate tenderness draws no evils in its train, as may be shown by the statistics of either pauperism or criminality.It is not the fact that the sentimentalist effects more good than natural law, the whole doctrine of Karma being indirectly to the contrary. It is not the fact that we become more god-like if we educate our sympathies at the expense of our reason, and grow more locomote as we grow more flabby. It is not a fact that we are more truly at one with others because of having a fleshly body than because of a united spirit of life and truth. Nor, indeed, is this theory borne out by the state of things in family brotherhoods.There are good brothers and bad brothers. No one claims that they are to be regarded and treated alike. Much forbearance may naturally be exercised from good-will, but there of ten comes an creator when the claims of justice, the rights of others, and the well-being of a whole household require that a member Page 3 Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 shall be exiled and tabooed. Could anything be more monstrous than the claim that a brother, because a brother, was at liberty to ill-treat with impunity the rest of the family ?If your brother steals your property, can he ask you to however him from jail because your brother? You would probably reply that, that was a reason why he should refrain from robbing you, not a reason why he should be allowed to rob you and escape punishment. One can not claim the privileges of a relationship while repudiating its obligations, and it would be strange indeed if, the closer the connection, the more one was at liberty to poison and outrage it. Similarly as to the Universal Brotherhood.There are times when insensibility is Page 7 a necessity. The great eternal law of Right is more cogent than any sentimental sympathy the stern arm of Justice cannot be paralyzed by whimperings or regrets the far-reaching needs of the whole family are more worthy of re gard than the momentary compact of a scamp. We have no right to sacrifice the well- behaved to the ill-behaved, to juggle with the moral sense, to reverse the moral standard and treat evil as if good. If Theosophy so taught us, it would be anything but a boon.I do not opine that it does. I do not believe that it teaches any doctrines enfeebling to the moral nerves or disastrous to the social life, and if it did, it would be contradicted by its own grand and fundamental principle Karma, the vindication of justice. And so it is that tenderness is not always a duty. There are occasions when in speech, in act, in cooperative function, we are to resist and rebuke our brothers who are unbrotherly. A man does not lose his claim to proper treatment by becoming aTheosophist, and if he does not lose the claim, he does not lose the right to enforce the claim. Nor, in becoming a Theosophist, does he engage to close his eyes to truth of any kind or in any quarter, or to stupefy any department of his moral system, or to encourage onesidedness and disproportion. Theosophy, I take it, honours Aristides quite as truly as St. John. But, you will say, what scope does this leave for the operation of the brotherly sentiment ? I reply, much every way, more than any of us will be likely to fulfil. Truth is many-sided.There is room for kindly allowance, for generous interpretation, for patience, and interest, and good-will. There is ample range for the philanthropic sentiment, for the fostering of all rich and noble charities, for the sunny beneficence which loves to shed happiness around. It by no means follows that because evil-doers have to be checked, nobody is to be cheered. If the bad forfeit your consideration, there are plenty remaining who do not. There is not the slightest danger that a benevolent spirit, however coupled with a discriminating mind, will find itself at loss for objects.If every other outlet failed, there would still be the work of the Theosophical Societ y, which certainly in its animus and its zeal to disseminate the most ennobling of motives cannot be surpassed in fraternal feeling. Each of us can participate in that, and so exemplify and expand the Brother principle. Yet, as in families, so in the broad human fraternity, the instinct of affinity will work. The Theosophist does not pretend that his greatest interest is in things upon the surrounding plane. It is rather his doctrine that higher planes are evenly open to aspiration and vastly richer in satisfaction.His fuller sympathies most naturally go out to those who are like-minded. As a man of letters does not find much congeniality in the stupid or the addle-brained, so neither does an etherialized nature in such as are dull to the immaterial. In the upper regions of thought and intuition there must be livelier motions of concurrent feeling, larger ranges for common effort, more inspiring topics for mind and heart. As the developing spirit ascends to higher plateaux, it mee ts fewer Page 8 comrades, but it finds them more congenial.If the swarming mass of humanity remains below, it is not his fault, but theirs. He does not discard the relationship, but he detects the finer qualities of it on his own level. And should any man complain that he does not secure Page 4 Theosophical Siftings Universal Brotherhood Vol 2, No 5 from the Theosophist that unlimited sympathy which the term Universal Brotherhood might seem to imply, the Theosophist might say to him, as the Adept says to the Theosophist, Dont ask us to descend come up here yourself. Page 5

Sunday, May 19, 2019

AIDS awareness advocacy advertisement.

Hannan Qistina Amir Hamzah 11200770816th April 2013 AIDS awareness protagonism advertisement. Kenneth boodle has come out with more than one advocacy advertisement to bring an issue to the centre. The First was AIDS awareness ad in 1985. He mainly focuses on the issue of AIDS, to increase public awareness of his views on how important to prevent it. He tried actually hard to make plurality understand virtually the AIDS issue by dint of his advertisement. The tagline for the ad was For the future of our children.In the ad, the models were not wearing shoes because Kenneth pelf was not promoting or selling his ware but focus on the issue. He does not bother spending very large amounts of cash onto his advocacy ad. General reaction to the first AIDS ad. There is a lot of criticism that Kenneth Cole have gotten from his AID ad. People ask a lot of questions, they will question the message of the ad, the moderateness of the ad because the issue was very controversial. People wi ll read his ad the way they wanted because everyone has their sustain perceptions.Even though there are lot of criticism, Kenneth Cole has the courage to argue and stand for his ideas because to him it is important. Besides that, what he matte up about the social issue, the AIDS can be reflected through his ad. AIDS awareness is something that he really cares about and really focuses on the issue genuinely. Kenneth Cole also take his AIDS ad as an opportunity to study what is important that may can give differences on peoples lives. Value relationship This advocacy advertisement can also help to establish relationship with the constituents.Furthermore, advocacy advertising is designed to capture the eye and to win hearts and minds of the constituencies. The goal is that after they have being exposed to the AIDS awareness ad, they may take a position on the issue and felt that it is important too, and may be persuaded to change opinions about the issue. Kenneth Cole said that he believed that he could say something important and might help and impact peoples lives and make a difference. By creating an advocacy ad can allow new facts, arguments or even action that the government should take.Brand loyalty What Kenneth Cole has gotten from his advocacy ad is that it will eventually help to raise awareness of the company, brand loyalty because by taking care of the community can enhance the Coles company, and most importantly about advocacy issue. Other than that, is getting people to act the way he thinks people should act. It is to influence peoples opinion towards his advocacy ad or about the issue that he is focuses on worry the AID awareness on 1985. Visit mothers with aids in Cape townspeople.Kenneth Cole went to Cape Town to visit the AIDS centre and the treatment centre to support all the AIDS patients. With his visit, it shows that he really cares about the AIDS awareness and really cares about the issue to help people just what he said in his ad. He is not only producing an advocacy advertisement. From the visit, he has gain more fellowship about how the international actions around AIDS, he has knew that AIDS exist globally nad know how to talk the issue locally.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

The Road

wherefore do you think McCarthy has chosen non to give his characters names? How do the generic labels of the valet de chambre beings and the son affect the way you /readers relate to them? While schooling The Road, a novel writdecade by Cormac McCarthy, I was jerked from the warmth, comfort, and safety of my home and thrown into a raw, dismal, and desolate world, walking alongside the military mortalnel and the son. McCarthy composes his exertion so graphically that readers be drawn right into the history.I believe Cormac McCarthy wanted the figures in this give-and-take to be universal, so that the reader could imagine him/her self as the son or the man at either given moment, and to be able to feel as they do. To do this McCarthy did not designate the characters in his book with names, and because of this, I was able to connect with the man and the male child on a personal level and cast myself uniting with them in their chilling journey. As the reader, I was de eply overwhelmed with galore(postnominal) mixed emotions such as pathos, sadness, happiness, abhorrence, remorse, and worship.I do pity for the characters in the book The Road, because the man and the male child affirm to pass twenty-four hour period to day struggling to bring home the bacon in a frigid bleak world where food is scarce They squatted in the itinerary and ate rice and cool beans theyd cooked days ago. Already beginning to ferment. (McCarthy 29). The landscape is blackened, and human beings is al roughly extinct The mummied dead everywhere. (McCarthy 24). As I read on I noticed myself connecting more deeply with the characters.When the male childs scram takes her own life, I was deeply saddened and my heart broke for the boy simply because his mom, some i he cherished and loved so much, had given up on accept and faith and deserted him. I just wanted to take h obsolete of the child and comfort him flush though at this moment he has no clue his m an different(prenominal) has unexp supplanted. I besides matt-up sorry for the man, one, because he has to tell his child where his m early(a) is For the love of graven image charwoman. What am I to tell him? (McCarthy 58), and two, because his love and best friend was in such despair and on that point was nothing he could do to impel her to stay.As a m different, in some ways, I as well felt sorry for the mother in this book, because most women dream of the day she resulting have a child of her own to love, veneration for, and teach, and this mother had to give birth to her son later on the vast catastrophe, and instead of bringing her bust of happiness, it b rudet tears of sorrow. She now knows that she has to raise her son in this dark and barley habitable world and that it will be a constant struggle to survive. My heart was ripped out of me the night he was born (McCarthy 57).On the other hand though, I am as well as disgusted with the mother for the one reason that she gave up, and now her family, oddly her child, has to suffer the consequences due to her actions, but again, given that I put myself in her situation, would I do the resembling thing? While reading I also felt deep sadness in many parts, for one instance, when the man dies, at this point in the book I had tears streaming downward my face. He slept close to his yield that night and held him but when he woke in the morning his father was cold and stiff. He sat in that location a long clip weeping (McCarthy 281). He knelt beside his father held his cold hand and give tongue to his name over and over again. (McCarthy 281). At one part in the book, remorse, disgust, sadness, and compassion were the stirred emotions that hit me all t once. It was the time when a stealer robs the boy while he is asleep on the beach. When the boy was first rob freighter I was angry and disgusted with the burglar who had robbed a dormancy innocent child, I could never see myself doing this e specially in a situation where food is laboured to come by and staying warm is almost im attainableWhen they in the end catch up with the depredator the man points the gun at him and threatens to shoot him. The boy is pleading with his father not to kill the thief. The man says to the thief Take your c naphes out. (McCarthy 256). Take them off every goddamn stitch. (McCarthy 256). Eventually the thief is completely naked, the boy and the thief argon begging the man not to do this, but the man looks at the thief and says You didnt mind doing it to us. (McCarthy 257). Now I feel that the thief is yieldting what he deserves.When they leave the thief standing in the road the boy becomes extremely upset, And They set out along south with the boy crying and looking back at the nude and salt identical creature standing there in the road shivering and hugging himself. Oh pappa, he sobbed. (McCarthy 258). I am now receiveing to feel the compassion the boy has towards the thief He was empty, Papa. Hes going to die. (McCarthy 259). They finally take the thiefs clothes back and pile them in the middle of the road and I am glad of this.Later as they were lie down at camp I believe the man was starting to feel guilty, and he spoke I wasnt going to kill him, he said. But the boy didnt answer. They rolled themselves in the blankets and lay there in the dark. He could tell the boy was awake and after a while the boy said but we did kill him. (McCarthy 260). When the boy made this comment I felt deep remorse and disgust in myself for having felt so harshly toward the thief in the beginning.I also felt happiness and rest period in this story when the man and the boy found the underground shelter behind the house in the field, I felt as if I was there with them discovering the grand riches this den held Oh my divinity, he whispered. Oh my God. What is it Papa? Come down. Oh my God. Come down. (McCarthy138). Crate upon crate of canned hots. Tomatoes, p eaches, beans, apricots. Canned hams. Corned beef. Hundreds of gallons of water in ten gallon plastic jerry jugs. (McCarthy 138).In this underground hideaway was everything they needed to survive. I was so overwhelmed with joy and comfort that I forgot for a moment rough the cruel cold world above. During many portions of this novel I see also many sensations of fear. The most prominent passage is where the man and the boy come across a house and both be vulnerable due to fatigue and starvation. Theyd had no food and slender sleep in five days and in this condition on the outskirts of a small townsfolk they came upon a once grand house sited on a rise above the road(McCarthy 105).As they start toward the house the boy becomes frightened and the man or father tries to reassure him that everything is okay and that they have to go inside. At this point I am feeling a little uneasy about the two entering the house. As they cross the porch the boy is trying to convince his father not to go inside, agreeing with the boy I imagine myself in his shoes and I am pleading for the man not to enter. The man is determined and tells the boy Weve got to find something to eat. We have no choice. (McCarthy 106).When inside the home the boy hung on to his hand. He was terrified. (McCarthy 107). While investigating the house they come across a access in a elbow path next to the kitchen that might have been considered a pantry at one time. In the floor of this room was a door or hatch and it was locked with a large padlock made of stacked steel plates. (McCarthy 108). The boy again tries to plead with his father to leave, and I again right along with him, but now my tension and curiosity is starting to rise a bit, wondering what is underneath this door. The man believes there is a significant reason for this door being locked, so he makes his way to the tool shed fractional dragging the child and went sorting through tools (McCarthy 109). He retrieves a shovel, he ads back into the house, and prys the door open. Now I am holding my breath just waiting for the outcome, good or bad, I do not know, but I am very anxious. He started down he rough wooden steps. He ducked his head and then flicked the lighter (McCarthy 110).Coldness and Damp. An ungodly stench. (McCarthy 110). What came next caught me completely off guard Huddled against the back wall were naked people, male and female, all trying to hide, shielding their faces with their hands. On the mattress lay a man with his legs gone to the hip and the stumps of them blackened and burnt. The smell was hideous. Jesus, he whispered. (McCarthy 110). Now I am in a complete state of shock, fear, and disgust. Unbelievable All at once I am feeling the fear and shock of the man, the boy, and the mangled victims that have been terrorized, probably raped, eaten or at least half dis subdivisioned and eaten by the wicked and ruth slight barbarians Then one by one they turned and blinked in the pitif ul light. Help us, they whispered. Please help us. (McCarthy 110). My heart is now beginning to race. When they finally stretchability the top of this grave, He shoved the boy through the hatch and sent him sprawling. He stood and got hold of the door and swung it over and let it slam down and he turned to grab the boy but the boy had gotten up and was doing his little dance of terror. (McCarthy 111).As if this horrific and vivid image engraved in my head was not enough, McCarthy immediately throws me into a sheer state of terror and panic. the boy was pointing out the window and when he looked he went cold all over. Coming across the field toward the house were four bearded men and two women. He grabbed the boy by the hand. Christ, he said. Run. Run. I had to literally set the book aside, go outdoors, placid down, and smoke a cigarette to calm my nerves. Finally my heart rate returned to normal and I put togethered up the book and continued to read. later I completed t his part in the story and discovered that the man and the boy had escaped I got up checked on my children to reassure myself that they were asleep safe and warm in their bed, I quickly ran back through the house like a child with a maven of fear that something was going to jump out and grab me at any moment, I jumped in the bed got as close to my husband as possible and eventually drifted off to sleep. When I finished reading The Road by Cormac McCarthy, I was astonished at how deep I was able to connect with the characters and the particular that this book touched me as deeply as it did.It also made me think what if? In reality if this were to blow over would I have the courage and strength of the man and the boy or would I be like the mother as McCarthy states it a faithless slut (57), who has taken death as a smart lover. Over all I personally believe that this novel was absolutely fantastic, even though I had nightmares for a a couple of(prenominal) nights after I had comp leted the book. This just goes to show what a great writer McCarthy is, he touches his readers so deeply they even dream about his work. I would defiantly pick up this book and read it again just for fun.The RoadThe post-apocalyptic novel The Road, written by Cormac McCarthy was published in 2006. 1 It deals with the journey of a father together with his son, who try to reach the soaring after America, its nature and civilisation has been destroyed by some catastrophe. Therefore some important issues are implied travelling, fear of death, thermonuclear war, goodness, religion, cannibalism and of course the relationship in the midst of father and son. Maybe that is the reason why McCarthy dedicated the novel to his son John Francis McCarthy. In 2007 McCarthy won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for this novel. 2In 2009 the wise was made into a movie theater, also called The Road and directed by John Hillcoat. 3 There are some interesting aspects, regarding the similarities and dif ferences between the novel and its cinematic accommodation. The Novel Cormac McCarthy tells the story of a journey, made by father and son. They survived a nuclear catastrophe, which is not described in detail and want to go south in order to reach the coast. They have a card in order to carry their habits. They hope for a humanitarian climate, nourishments and other peaceful survivors. Due to the apocalypse, they have to deal with a lot of trouble during their trip.In order to survive despite the lack of food, a lot of people became cannibals. Cannibalism is no survival for the man and his son, because they choke to the good ones. Therefore they have to be carful who they trust and their search for food is more difficult. In appendage they have to take care for their clothing, especially for their shoes because it is very cold since the catastrophe. 4 Mostly he worried about their shoes. That and food. Always food. (McCarthy, 2006 17) 5 The most problematic aspect is the fathe rs task to raise his son under such component without neglecting the sense of humanness.The world he knows was completely destroyed and there is no common childhood. The son has to make do with aspects like cannibalism and suicide very early. He also has to accept the circumstance, that his father is going to die sort of or later and that he needs to be able to give-up the ghost on his own when the time comes. His father tries to prepare him as good as he can. McCarthy tells the story among 287 pages. He uses 3rd person narration, where the narrator is wise, because he knows about thoughts, dreams and fears of the father and his son. His style of writing without chapters stresses the travel motive.It highlights the fact that the protagonists have to go on and on until they reach the coast and that there are no other important stages in between. Another important technique is the avoidance of names which means that both protagonists remain anonym. This technique highlights the a spect, that in miscue of a nuclear catastrophe, this scenario could happen to anyone. The father and his son serve as representatives for humankind. In assenting there are no concrete names of places which indicates, that this scenario could not just happen to anyone, it could also happen anywhere in the world.There are two more aspects, which remain unclear. The first one is the delegate of the mother. The book does not make clear what happened to her because for them, it does not amour. She is gone and that is all they need to know. Secondly there are no details mentioned when it comes to the catastrophe which also indicates that it is not important what happened. The man and his son are alive and so they have to challenge the circumstances, indifferent what caused them. The clocks stopped at 117. A long shear of light and then a series of low concussions. () A dull roseate glow in the windowglas. (McCarthy, 2006 52) McCarthy creates a very desperate imagery. His preferred ch osen words are dark and sad. He uses short sentences, which guarantees that the novel is written in a minimal, but tough very about style. 6 No list of things to be done. The day providential to itself. The hour. There is no later. This is later. All things of grace and peach such that one holds them to ones heart have a common provenance in pain. Their birth in grief and ashes. (McCarthy, 2006 54) Even the dialogues between father and son or between them and outlanders they met are very short.In addition there are a lot of details described, no matter if they are tolerable or hardly shocking. They could smell something cooking. Lets circle around, the man said. () They left their food cooking. () What is it? He said. What is it? The boy shook his head. Oh Papa, he said. He turned and looked again. What the bay had seen was a charred human infant headless and gutted and blackening on the spit. (McCarthy, 2006 198) The two unnamed Protagonists The son is about 10 eld old and wa s born after the catastrophe. That is why he does not know the world as it was before.He has although no childhood like one would think of. He has to grow up without his mom, knowing that his father will also fade away one day. Therefore he has to learn very much important skills in a short amount of time. He has no real toys and no other kids around him. In contrast he knows how to kill himself and feels responsible for his father, who became ill. It is important to say, that the son serves as a symbol for hope. He knew only that the child was his warrant. He said If he is not the word of God God never spoke. (McCarthy, 2006 5)Not only for his father, also for other people they met. For example Ely, the second stranger they met thought that he was an angel. Within the story the young boy grows from a child with a lot of questions and fears to a boy with a big sense of humanity, who knows a lot about the world he lives in and feels responsible for other people. The man squatted and looked at him. Im scared, he said. Do you commiserate? Im scared. () Youre not the one who has to worry about everything. The boy said something but he couldnt understand him. What? he aid. He looked up, his wet and grimy face. Yes I am, he said. I am the one. (McCarthy, 2006 259) The father can be characterized as a reactor. Whenever it comes to violent actions he is just performing in self-defence. He knows the world as it has been before the catastrophe, and feels sorry for his son but he also knows that he can not hold the horror away from him. He faces the fact that his son has to live on his own one day and that it is his job to make sure that he will be able to do so. Therefore he is distrustful when it comes to strangers.He always reminds his son to be less helpful and a bit more wary but often he does not succeed. In addition he is very ill and weak. The only reason why he is able to go on without committing suicide is his son. Everything he does is for him. He held the boy close to him. So thin. My heart, he said. My heart. But he knew that if he were a good father still it might well be as she had said. That the boy was all that stood between him and death. (McCarthy, 2006 29) Ending The ending of the novel is a happy one. They manage to reach the coast and the father dies in peace.After some days other survivors appear. There is another man, a woman and two other children, a boy and a girl. The boy talks to the man and makes clear that they belong to the good guys who carry the fire, which means that they do not kill and eat other people. After he made that clear, it is okay for him to go with them. Therefore the ending implies a new beginning, because it could be possible that the boy and the girl create descendants one day, which would be a first step to get a new population. The woman when he saw him put her arms around him and held him. () I am so glad to see you.She would talk to him sometimes about God. He tried to talk to God but the bes t thing was to talk to his father and he did talk to him and he didnt forget. (McCarthy, 2006 286) The movie The movie The Road was published in 2009. John Hillcoat (Director) and Joe Penhall (Screenplay) produced a cinematic adaptation of the novel with the like title and story which takes 111 minutes. The role of the father is played by Viggo Mortensen and Kodi Smit-McPhee plays the role of the son. 7 As already said, the story is almost the same. There are just a few changes within it.For example there are some flashbacks to the time before the catastrophe and shortly after it, when the mother was still alive. In addition there are some omissions because of details which would have been too shocking, like the passage with the infant corpse. 8 in spite of those supplements and omissions Hillcoat and Penhall did a really good job. They managed it to copy the imagery of McCarthys special style of writing into the automated teller machine of the aim. Therefore they used a numbe r of techniques. 9 The depressive and sad atmosphere is easily created by mostly white-haired(a) and brown colors.Furthermore the film was produced in wintertime, when there automatically lies snow and the trees are without leaves. The film implies no ordinary scenery, because it is not a complex story. The contrast comes when the flashbacks to the time before the catastrophe are shown. The colours change into very intensive ones, it is summer and you always hear nice piano music. One could also argue that the piano serves as a symbol for the presence of the mother and for civilisation because it represents culture. When the father remembers his married woman there is always piano music which accentuates the scenes.Later in the film he has to cut an old piano into pieces in order to get wood for a fire. This is a clear indication that he is angry with his wife because of her decision to commit suicide. Those scenes are different to the few passages about the mother in the book. She is not a big issue in the novel. Within the book the story is told by an omniscient 3rd person narrator. In the cinematic adaptation the man tells the story. This is a contrast to the book, where the actions, feelings and thoughts of the man are part of the narration.On the one hand one could argue that this contrast is problematic because in the end the father is going to die and the way of narration could be too personal. But on the other hand Hillcoat and Penhall had to choose someone who tells the story and they had no other opportunity if they want to have the selection of flashbacks and omniscience. According to the protagonists there is one other existing difference. In the book the boy seems to accept his peck and tries to make the best out of it. He grows up very fast and is rather adulty than childish.In the film he collects some artefacts like a broken comb of his mother, wears her clothes and also has a few toys. He is often scared and cries when he is. All in all, th e boy is played like a child and not as grown up as he is described in the book. The imbrication aspect is the importance of to carry the fire. He is always asking if someone carries the fire, which means not to kill other people and disregard morality and values. The biggest difference between the novel and its cinematic adaptation is the ending. In the book it is described as a happy end.The father dies, the son meets another family who also carries the fire and can go with them. In addition the family has a daughter, which means that there is a new beginning for civilisation implied. This procedure is the same at the end of the film but there are some details which change the situation. Firstly the thumbs of the veteran are missing or garbled. That was also the case when they met the thief who has stolen their cart with all their goods. Those missing fingers can lead to the suggestion that he had been a member of a cannibalism commune.This would also fit to the question why a fa mily should voluntary incorporate another hungry child. In fact there is no food left and every additional person is a risk at the same time. One also has to remember that they have a dog in the movie, which is pure luxury according to the circumstances they live in. According to those details there are two possibilities either they are just as friendly and careful as the boy and it is an act of charity, or they see their chance in getting extra food without killing someone of their family or group. Novel or Movie? In my opinion both works are really great.I like the novel of McCarthy very much because of his style of writing and the atmosphere within the story. The dialogues are short, concise and therefrom fit totally in. In addition the characters with their actions, thoughts, feelings and dreams as well as the ending of the story are simply realistic. There are some differences when it comes to the cinematic adaptation but those are no reasons for regarding the film as inferior . As already said, I think that Hillcoat and Penhall did a great job because it must have been very hard to transport McCarthys style of writing into a movie.What I like most is the ending of the film. It is less clear than in the book and every viewer can decide which option seems to be more realistic. I think the interpretation of the ending refers to ones personal character traits. If the viewer is as prudent, distrusting and sometimes hopeless like the father he will maybe be more apparent to see it critical. In contrast a viewer who is as optimistic as the son will probably see the details as unimportant and therefore recognize the ending as a happy end, like the one of the book. This opportunity of individual interpretation is a great aspect of the movie.BibliographyMcCarthy, Comac. The Road. spick-and-span York Vintage Books, 2006http//www.buecher.de/shop/krimithriller/the-road/mccarthy-cormac/products_products/detail/prod_id/22749892/session/0c16e28341622398e76f09549b0dc89 c/ (23.02.2012)http//www.cormacmccarthy.com/works/theroad.htm (23.02.2012)http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0898367/ (23.02.2012) http//sweetcheese.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/41jilx9r0rl_ss500_.jpg (23.02.2012)http//quaterlyconversation.com/the-road-by-cormac-mccarthy-review (23.02.2012)http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0898367/ (25.02.2012)Movie The Road, Universum dart GmbH 2009http//www.beyondhollywood.com/the-road-2008-movie-images-gallery/the-road-movie/ (25.02.2012)